Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 21TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A tumor is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. The abnormal cells of the tumor divide uncontrollably and destroy the body tissues. The main cause of tumor is the mutation of genes. The tumor consists of two types as benign tumor and malignant tumor.
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Different gene therapy approaches have been studied for cancer gene therapy. These approaches include? (select all that applies)
a.immunotherapy, b. anti-angiogenic gene therapy, c.inhibition of tumor invasion, d.induction of apoptosis
Mutations in the ras gene family induce normal cells to proceed into the replication cycle. This converts the ras gene from a ________ gene to a ________ gene.
a. proto-oncogene; oncogene
b. oncogene; proto-oncogene
c. mutant; oncogene
d. tumor suppressor; proto-oncogene
The drug pump activity of Cancer stem cells can be explained by the overexpression of:
a. Mdr1
b. Muc2
c. MMR
d. CYPs
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- Intitial analysis of a human colon cancer tumor indicates mutations/defects in APC, B-Raf and p53. Which of the genes below is also most likely mutated in this tumor (select one)? A. Beta-catenin B. K-RAS C. SMAD4 D. MDM2 E. p14 ARFarrow_forwardMatch the gene on the left with the gene category on the right. ERBB2 E-cadherin BRCA1 Cdk4 A. oncogene B. proto-oncogene C. low expression in invasive cells D. tumor suppressor genearrow_forwardDefects in this gene have been associated with metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Select one: O a. APC O b. RB O c. p53 O d. C-myc O e. Palladin O f. ras O g. BRCA1arrow_forward
- The normal function of the Rb protein is toa. act as a brake on cell division.b. produce retinoblastoma.c. facilitate retinal pigmentation.d. initiate DNA replication.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a way in which proto-oncogenes can change to become genes that induce cancer? Group of answer choices a. changes in a control element (enhancer) to increase transcription b. gene amplification c. changes in DNA sequence to produce a product that degrades rapidly d. movement of the gene adjacent to a different control element to increase transcription e. changes in DNA sequence to produce a product that isarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about cancer is correct? A. Cancer stem cells can make tumors resistant to chemotherapy. B. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity makes it easier to treat cancer. C. Mutation in p53 is a type of passenger mutation. D. One driver mutation is more than sufficient for the production of a cancer phenotype.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are correct about cancer drug resistance (select all that apply)? A. It is inevitable that a tumor will eventually become resistant to a given cancer drug B. Solid tumors often develop drugs resistance through upregulating expression of drug transporters. C. If the probability of develop resistance to drug A is 1/10 and for Drug B is also 1/10, then the probility of developing resistance to Drug A and B combination therapy is 1/20. D. Effective multidrug protocols use 3 drugs that all target the same mechanisms of killing cancer cell E. Drug resistance ofter develops when p53 is inactivatedarrow_forwardWhich of the following are mechanisms by which cancer drugs work (select all that apply)? A. Inhibit activity of oncogene B. Promote apoptosis C. Promote terminal differentiation of cells D. Inhibit drug transporters E. Promote DNA damage.arrow_forwardUnusually high levels of Mdr1 provide stem cells with a. Nutrients needed b. Protection of their genomes from mutagenic agents c. Apoptotic factors d. Ability to differentiatearrow_forward
- Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function of: a. cell walls b. oncogenes c. plasma membrane adhesion proteins d. nuclear membranes e. tumor suppressor genesarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct about viruses and cancer (select all that appy)? A. Cancer viruses may have DNA genomes B. A virus must have an oncogene to cause cancer C. Cancer viruses may have RNA genomes D. A virus must integrate its genome into the host cell genome to cause transformation of a cell E. At least 80% of known cancers are caused by virusesarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. cell transformation b. oncogene c. apoptosis d. early response gene e. delayed response genearrow_forward
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