Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 2IQ
- a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____ pathways. The pathway’s product serves as a(n) _____ to activate the repressor and turn off enzyme synthesis, thus preventing overproduction of the product of the pathway. Genes for repressible enzymes are usually switched _____ and the repressor is synthesized in a(n) _____ form.
- b. Inducible enzymes usually function in _____ pathways. Nutrient molecules serve as _____ to stimulate production of the enzymes necessary for their breakdown. Genes for inducible enzymes are usually switched _____ and the repressor is synthesized in a(n) _____ form.
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E. coli has five genes that code for enzymes that make tryptophan. These genes
are regulated by a single promoter and transcribed as one long gene. The
presence of tryptophan shut down the production of tryptophan by the cell by
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tryptophan. a. Describe what would happen to the operon if some of the cells
had a mutation on the repressor, not allowing it to bind with tryptophan. The
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a. What is the function of operons in bacterial gene regulation?
b. Describe how a bacterial operon can be regulated by repressible proteins (such as the tryptophan operon). Include in your description both the “on” and “off” states of the operon. Key elements of your diagram should include: Co-repressor, Genes, mRNA, Operator, Operon, Promoter, Repressor, RNA polymerase.
a. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes?
b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of
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c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial
transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint:
mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- A. A mutation is recovered in the gene that encodes the lactose operon repressor protein (LacI). Which of the following lac phenotypes would lead to the conclusion that the mutation causes an inability of the repressor to bind lactose? The lac structural genes would never be expressed. The lac structural genes would be expressed continuously. The lac structural genes would be expressed efficiently only in the absence of lactose. The lac structural genes would be expressed efficiently only in the presence of lactose. B. A mutation is recovered in the gene that encodes the lactose operon repressor protein (LacI). Which of the following lac phenotypes would lead to the conclusion that the mutation causes an inability of the repressor to bind Operator DNA? The lac genes would be expressed efficiently only in the presence of lactose. The lac genes would be expressed efficiently only in the absence of lactose. The lac genes would never be expressed. The lac genes would be…arrow_forwardPls answer the questionarrow_forwardTranscriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac repressor), antisense RNA, and feedback inhibition are three different mechanisms that turn off the expression of genes and gene products. Which of these three mechanisms will be most effective in each of the following situations? A. Shutting down the synthesis of a polypeptide B. Shutting down the synthesis of mRNA C. Shutting off the function of a protein For your answers to parts A–C that list more than one mechanism, which mechanism will be the fastest or the most efficient?arrow_forward
- Cancer cells were characterized for their high transcriptional and translational levels. Direct modification for the gene of interests during transcription could be complicated and troublesome. Moreover, simply knocked down a certain gene could stimulate other compensating pathways. Fortunately, there are many controls for gene transcription. Modifying on these controls mechanisms could be easier and more effective compared to changing the gene of interests directly. If you are working in a biotech company, please suggest three possible sites/targets to modify in order to decrease a certain gene transcriptional level in cancer cell.arrow_forwardCan you help me with this question? Im confused with the answer c or earrow_forwardA mutation in the operator region of the trp operon can prevent the trp repressor from binding to this operator. When these mutant cells are placed in a solution containing chicken broth, which of the following happens? a. Tryptophan would bind to the repressor. b. The Repressor would bind to the operator irrespective of the presence of amino acids in the environment. c. The transcription of the trip operon would be inhibited. d. The transcription of the repressor protein is inhibitedarrow_forward
- You are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation a.Which operons would be functional under these conditions? b.What repressors would be made? (NOTE: name the repressors using their gene names) c.Which repressor(s) would be made in the inactive form? d.Which repressor(s) would be made in the active form? e.Which repressor(s) under these conditions can bind the operator sequence? f.Which repressor(s)under these conditions cannot bind the operator sequence?arrow_forwardGive one example of a prokaryotic system of gene expression that is more complicated (duringtranscription at the promoter) than its corresponding eukaryotic system of gene expression.A. prokaryotes require general transcription factors to initiate transcriptionB. prokaryotes typically have activator and repressor DNA sequences thousands of nucleotides awayC. prokaryotes have three classes of RNA polymerasesD. prokaryotes always have their DNA tightly packed into higher-level structures than nucleosomesE. prokaryotes usually have polycistronic mRNAarrow_forwardWhich of the following terms refer to the case when a mutation results in a significant decrease or a complete loss of the functional activity of a gene product? a. gain-of-function mutation b. loss-of-function mutationarrow_forward
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