Chapter 18, Problem 26P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each of the given compounds is to be synthesized from diethyl malonate or ethyl acetoacetate and any other organic and inorganic reagents.

Concept Introduction:

▸ $\beta -\text{dicarbonyl}$ compound can be converted into enolate ions in the presence of sodium ethoxide.

▸ Alkylation in the $\beta -\text{dicarbonyl}$ compound is a ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction.

▸ Decarboxylation of $\beta -\text{keto}\text{acid}$ takes place readily in the presence of heat.

▸ LDA stands for lithium disopyramide. It is a strong base.

▸ In $\text{Sn2}$ reaction, one bond is broken and one bond is formed. In $\text{Sn2}$ reaction, the nucleophile attacks on the less sterically hindered carbon.

▸ Reduction of a carboxylic acid into alcohol occurs in the presence of reducing agent ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$.