The given observations are to be explained by the halogenation mechanism. Concept Introduction: ▸ Keto and enol form of carbonyl compounds are constitutional isomers. Inter-convertible keto and enol forms are tautomer. ▸ An enol and enolates can be formed by replacing the hydrogen at the α carbon. ▸ The α hydrogen can undergo halogen substitution at the α carbon in the presence of an acid and a base. ▸ When halogen substitution reaction takes place in the presence of an acid it is called as acid catalyzed halogenation reaction. ▸ When halogen substitution reaction takes place in the presence of a base it is called as base prompted halogenation reaction. ▸ In the base prompted halogenation reaction and acid catalyzed halogenation reaction slows rates are independent from the concentration of the halogens. ▸ The equimolar mixture of two enantiomers are called a racemic mixture. ▸ Racemization takes place at α hydrogen in the presence of acids or bases.

Question

A solution contains 0.097 M Ce3+, 1.55x10-3 M Ce4+, 1.55x10-3 M Mn2+, 0.097 M MnO4-, and 1.00 M HClO4 (F= 9.649 x 104 C/mol). a) Write a balanced net reaction that can occur between species in this solution. b) Calculate deltaG0 and K for the reaction. c) Calculate E and deltaG for the conditions given. Ce4+ + e- = Ce3+ E0= 1.70 V MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O E0= 1.507 V

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 5PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given observations are to be explained by the halogenation mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

▸ Keto and enol form of carbonyl compounds are constitutional isomers. Inter-convertible keto and enol forms are tautomer.

▸ An enol and enolates can be formed by replacing the hydrogen at the α carbon.

▸ The α hydrogen can undergo halogen substitution at the α carbon in the presence of an acid and a base.

▸ When halogen substitution reaction takes place in the presence of an acid it is called as acid catalyzed halogenation reaction.

▸ When halogen substitution reaction takes place in the presence of a base it is called as base prompted halogenation reaction.

▸ In the base prompted halogenation reaction and acid catalyzed halogenation reaction slows rates are independent from the concentration of the halogens.

▸ The equimolar mixture of two enantiomers are called a racemic mixture.

▸ Racemization takes place at α hydrogen in the presence of acids or bases.

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A solution contains 0.097 M Ce3+, 1.55x10-3 M Ce4+, 1.55x10-3 M Mn2+, 0.097 M MnO4-, and 1.00 M HClO4 (F= 9.649 x 104 C/mol). a) Write a balanced net reaction that can occur between species in this solution. b) Calculate deltaG0 and K for the reaction. c) Calculate E and deltaG for the conditions given. Ce4+ + e- = Ce3+ E0= 1.70 V MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O E0= 1.507 V

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