Chapter 18, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ranking the given compounds in order of increasing acidity is to be represented.

Concept introduction:

Acidic hydrogen are the hydrogen atom that are attached to more electronegative atom like F, O, N, etc. and can dissociates into ions.

Acidic hydrogen means it has a tendency to easily release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions in an aqueous solution.

An acid that completely dissociates in water is called a strong acid.

Activating groups are electron donating groups. They release pairs of electrons into a reaction center.

Deactivating group are electron withdrawing groups. They draw pairs of electrons away from a reaction center.

Electron withdrawing groups attract electron density toward itself and draw electrons away from the reaction centre.

Electron donating group donate electron density or releases electrons into the reaction centre.