Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 18, Problem 20P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stepwise mechanism of the given product formation is to be discussed.

Concept Introduction:

Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.

In SN2 reaction, one bond is broken and one bond is formed in one step.

Sn2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism. Since two reacting species are involved in the slow (rate-determing) step, this leads to the term substitution nucleophilic (bi-molecular) or Sn2.

In Sn2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks on the less sterically hindered carbon. Sn2 reaction gives inversion. The reaction takes place in polar aprotic solvents.

Alkylation of ketones takes place with the help of lithium enolates.

Sodium hydride is used to generate the enolate ions.

The α hydrogens can undergo halogen substitution reaction in the presence of acid and base.

When halogen substitution reaction takes places in the presence of acid, it is called acid catalyzed halogenation reaction.

When halogen substitution reaction takes places in the presence of a base, it is called base prompted halogenation reaction.

LDA stands for lithium disopyramide. It is a strong base.

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Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Select to Edit Arrows H H Select to Add Arrows > H CFCI: Select to Edit Arrows H Select to Edit Arrows
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Chapter 18 Solutions

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