Interpretation:
The oxidation states of all the atoms in MgO should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The oxidation state is defined as the charge(s) that an atom would have when electron(s) were transferred completely from a molecule or ion.
Interpretation:
The oxidation states of all the atoms in Fe2 O3 should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The oxidation state is defined as the charge(s) that an atom would have when electron(s) were transferred completely from a molecule or ion.
Interpretation:
The oxidation states of all the atoms in PCl3 should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The oxidation state is defined as the charge(s) that an atom would have when electron(s) were transferred completely from a molecule or ion.
Interpretation:
The oxidation states of all the atoms in N2 O5 should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The oxidation state is defined as the charge(s) that an atom would have when electron(s) were transferred completely from a molecule or ion.
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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- Chromium has been investigated as a coating for steel cans. The thickness of the chromium film is determined by dissolving a sample of a can in acid and oxidizing the resulting Cr3+ to Cr2O72 with the peroxydisulfate ion: S2O82(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) Cr2O72(aq) + SO42(aq) + H+(aq) (Unbalanced) After removal of unreacted S2O82 an excess of ferrous ammonium sulfate [Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O] is added, reacting with Cr2O72 produced from the first reaction. The unreacted Fe2+ from the excess ferrous ammonium sulfate is titrated with a separate K2Cr2O7 solution. The reaction is: H+(aq) + Fe2+(aq) + Cr2O72(aq) Fe3+(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) (Unbalanced) a. Write balanced chemical equations for the two reactions. b. In one analysis, a 40.0-cm2 sample of a chromium-plated can was treated according to this procedure. After dissolution and removal of excess S2O82, 3.000 g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O was added. It took 8.58 mL of 0.0520 M K2Cr2O7 solution to completely react with the excess Fe2+. Calculate the thickness of the chromium film on the can. (The density of chromium is 7.19 g/cm3)arrow_forwardComplete and balance the following oxidation-reduction reactions, which give the highest possible oxidation state for the oxidized atoms. (a) Al(s)+F2(g) (b) Al(s)+CuBr2(aq) (single displacement) (c) P4(s)+O2(g) (d) Ca(s)+H2O(l) (products are a strong base and a diatomic gas)arrow_forwardDetermine the oxidation states of the elements in the compounds listed. None of the oxygen-containing compounds are peroxides or superoxides. (a) H2SO4 (b) Ca(OH)2 (C) BrOH (d) ClNO2 (e) TiCl4 (f) NaHarrow_forward
- Which of the following compounds have the same oxidation level, and which have different levels?arrow_forward. For each of the following unbalanced oxidation-reduction chemical equations, balance the equation by inspection, and identify which species is the reducing agent. a.Fe(s)+O2(g)Fe2O3(s)b.Al(s)+Cl2(g)AlCl3(s)c.Mg(s)+P4(s)Mg3P2(s)arrow_forwardThe blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forward
- You have two 500.0-mL aqueous solutions. Solution A is a solution of a metal nitrate that is 8.246% nitrogen by mass. The ionic compound in solution B consists of potassium, chromium, and oxygen; chromium has an oxidation state of + 6 and there are 2 potassiums and 1 chromium in the formula. The masses of the solutes in each of the solutions are the same. When the solutions are added together, a blood-red precipitate forms. After the reaction bas gone to completion, you dry the solid and find that it has a mass of 331.8 g. a. Identify the ionic compounds in solution A and solution B. b. Identify the blood-red precipitate. c. Calculate the concentration (molarity) of all ions in the original solutions. d. Calculate the concentration (molarity) of all ions in the final solution.arrow_forward4.112 A metallurgical firm wishes to dispose of 1300 gallons of waste sulfuric acid whose molarity is 1.37 M. Before disposal, it will be reacted with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), which costs $0.23 per pound. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this process. (b) Determine the cost that the firm will incur from this use of slaked lime.arrow_forwardA transition metal X forms an oxide of formula X2O3. It is found that only 50% of X atoms in this compound are in the +3 oxidation state. The only other stable oxidation states of X are +2 and +5. What percentage of X atoms are in the +2 oxidation state in this compound?arrow_forward
- The Hall process is an important method by which pure aluminum is prepared from its oxide (alumina, Al2O3 ) by indirect reaction with graphite (carbon). Balance the following equation, which is a simplified representation of this process. m:math>Al2O3(s)+C(s)Al(s)+CO2(g)arrow_forwardComplete and balance the following oxidation-reduction reactions, which give the highest possible oxidation state for the oxidized atoms. (a) K(s)+H2O(l) (b) Ba(s)+HBr(aq) (c) Sn(s)+I2(s)arrow_forwardA solution contains both iron(II) and iron(III) ions. A sample Of the solution is titrated with 35.0 ml, of M KMnO4, which oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+. The permanganate ion is reduced to manganese(ll) ion. The equation for this reaction is MnO4(aq)+8 H+(aq)+5Fe2+(aq)Mn2+(aq)+5Fe3+ +4H2OAnother 50.00-mL sample of the solution is treated with zinc, which reduces all the Fe3+ to Fe2+. The equation for this reaction is 2Fe3+(aq)+Zn(s)2Fe2+(aq)+Zn2+(aq)The resulting solution is again titrated with 0.0280 M KMnO4; this time 48.0 ml, is required. What are the concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the solution?arrow_forward
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