Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 43QAP
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given half reaction should be balanced

Concept Introduction:

The oxidation-reduction reaction is also known as a redox reaction. In this reaction, one reactant is oxidized and other is reduced. In balancing an oxidation-reduction reaction they must be first divided into two half reactions: one is oxidation reaction and other is reduction reaction.

The balancing of redox reaction is complicated as compared to simple balancing. It is necessary to determine the half reactions of reactants undergoing oxidation and reduction. On adding the two half-reactions, net total equation can be obtained. This method of balancing redox reaction is known as half equation method.

The following rules must be followed in balancing redox reaction by half equation method:

  1. Initially, redox reaction is separated into two half equations; oxidation and reduction.
  2. Atoms other than hydrogen and oxygen are balanced first in the unbalanced half equations.
  3. Oxygen atoms are balanced by addition of water on either side of the reaction.
  4. Hydrogen ion/s is added to balance the hydrogen atom.
  5. Electrons are added to balance the charge.
  6. Half reactions are added to get the net total equation.
  7. The further addition of hydroxide ion takes place on both side of the reaction, if the solution is basic in nature to neutralise the hydrogen ion present in the solution.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43QAP

HClOaq+H+aq+2eClaq+H2Ol.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows:

HClOaqClaq

According to the rule, atom other than hydrogen and oxygen is balanced first. Here, chlorine is already balanced thus next step is to balance the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. To balance oxygen atoms, water molecule is added to right side of the reaction arrow as follows:

HClOaqClaq+H2Ol

Now, to balance hydrogen atom, hydrogen ion is added to left side of the reaction.

HClOaq+H+aqClaq+H2Ol

Next step is to balance the charge, there is + 1 charge on left side and -1 on right side, to balance the charge 2 electrons must be added to left side of the reaction arrow thus,

HClOaq+H+aq+2eClaq+H2Ol

The above reaction is the balanced half reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given half reaction should be balanced

Concept Introduction:

The oxidation-reduction reaction is also known as a redox reaction. In this reaction, one reactant is oxidized and other is reduced. In balancing an oxidation-reduction reaction they must be first divided into two half reactions: one is oxidation reaction and other is reduction reaction.

The balancing of redox reaction is complicated as compared to simple balancing. It is necessary to determine the half reactions of reactants undergoing oxidation and reduction. On adding the two half-reactions, net total equation can be obtained. This method of balancing redox reaction is known as half equation method.

The following rules must be followed in balancing redox reaction by half equation method:

  1. Initially, redox reaction is separated into two half equations; oxidation and reduction.
  2. Atoms other than hydrogen and oxygen are balanced first in the unbalanced half equations.
  3. Oxygen atoms are balanced by addition of water on either side of the reaction.
  4. Hydrogen ion/s is added to balance the hydrogen atom.
  5. Electrons are added to balance the charge.
  6. Half reactions are added to get the net total equation.
  7. The further addition of hydroxide ion takes place on both side of the reaction, if the solution is basic in nature to neutralise the hydrogen ion present in the solution.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43QAP

2NOaq+2H+aq+2eN2Og+H2Ol.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows:

NOaqN2Og

According to the rule, atom other than hydrogen and oxygen is balanced first. Here, nitrogen atom can be balanced by giving coefficient 2 to NO on left side of the reaction arrow.

Thus,

2NOaqN2Og

Now, to balance oxygen atom, add water molecule to right side of the reaction arrow as follows:

2NOaqN2Og+H2Ol

Now, to balance hydrogen atom, hydrogen ion is added to left side of the reaction.

2NOaq+2H+aqN2Og+H2Ol

Next step is to balance the charge, there is + 2 charge on left side, to balance the charge 2 electrons must be added to left side of the reaction arrow thus,

2NOaq+2H+aq+2eN2Og+H2Ol

The above reaction is the balanced half reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given half reaction should be balanced

Concept Introduction:

The oxidation-reduction reaction is also known as a redox reaction. In this reaction, one reactant is oxidized and other is reduced. In balancing an oxidation-reduction reaction they must be first divided into two half reactions: one is oxidation reaction and other is reduction reaction.

The balancing of redox reaction is complicated as compared to simple balancing. It is necessary to determine the half reactions of reactants undergoing oxidation and reduction. On adding the two half-reactions, net total equation can be obtained. This method of balancing redox reaction is known as half equation method.

The following rules must be followed in balancing redox reaction by half equation method:

  1. Initially, redox reaction is separated into two half equations; oxidation and reduction.
  2. Atoms other than hydrogen and oxygen are balanced first in the unbalanced half equations.
  3. Oxygen atoms are balanced by addition of water on either side of the reaction.
  4. Hydrogen ion/s is added to balance the hydrogen atom.
  5. Electrons are added to balance the charge.
  6. Half reactions are added to get the net total equation.
  7. The further addition of hydroxide ion takes place on both side of the reaction, if the solution is basic in nature to neutralise the hydrogen ion present in the solution.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43QAP

N2Oaq+2H+aq+2eN2g+H2Ol.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows:

N2OaqN2g

According to the rule, atom other than hydrogen and oxygen is balanced first. Here, nitrogen atoms are already balanced. The next step is to balance the oxygen atom. To balance the oxygen atom, one water molecule should be added to right side of the reaction arrow.

Thus,

N2OaqN2g+H2Ol

Now, to balance hydrogen atom, hydrogen ion is added to left side of the reaction.

N2Oaq+2H+aqN2g+H2Ol

Next step is to balance the charge, there is + 2 charge on left side, to balance the charge 2 electrons must be added to left side of the reaction arrow thus,

N2Oaq+2H+aq+2eN2g+H2Ol

The above reaction is the balanced half reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given half reaction should be balanced

Concept Introduction:

The oxidation-reduction reaction is also known as a redox reaction. In this reaction, one reactant is oxidized and other is reduced. In balancing an oxidation-reduction reaction they must be first divided into two half reactions: one is oxidation reaction and other is reduction reaction.

The balancing of redox reaction is complicated as compared to simple balancing. It is necessary to determine the half reactions of reactants undergoing oxidation and reduction. On adding the two half-reactions, net total equation can be obtained. This method of balancing redox reaction is known as half equation method.

The following rules must be followed in balancing redox reaction by half equation method:

  1. Initially, redox reaction is separated into two half equations; oxidation and reduction.
  2. Atoms other than hydrogen and oxygen are balanced first in the unbalanced half equations.
  3. Oxygen atoms are balanced by addition of water on either side of the reaction.
  4. Hydrogen ion/s is added to balance the hydrogen atom.
  5. Electrons are added to balance the charge.
  6. Half reactions are added to get the net total equation.
  7. The further addition of hydroxide ion takes place on both side of the reaction, if the solution is basic in nature to neutralise the hydrogen ion present in the solution.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43QAP

ClO3aq+3H+aq+2eHClO2aq+H2Ol.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows:

ClO3aqHClO2aq

According to the rule, atom other than hydrogen and oxygen is balanced first. Here, chlorine atoms are already balanced. The next step is to balance the oxygen atom. To balance the oxygen atom, one water molecule should be added to right side of the reaction arrow.

Thus,

ClO3aqHClO2aq+H2Ol

Now, to balance hydrogen atom, hydrogen ion is added to left side of the reaction. Since, there are 3 hydrogen atoms on the right side, 3 hydrogen ions should be added.

ClO3aq+3H+aqHClO2aq+H2Ol

Next step is to balance the charge, there is + 2 charge on left side, to balance the charge 2 electrons must be added to left side of the reaction arrow thus,

ClO3aq+3H+aq+2eHClO2aq+H2Ol

The above reaction is the balanced half reaction.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

Ch. 18 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 18 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 18 - In balancing oxidation-reduction equations, why is...Ch. 18 - What does it mean for a substance to be oxidized?...Ch. 18 - Label the following parts of the galvanic cell....Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 18 - For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 18 - Explain why, although it is not an ionic compound,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 18 - . Assign oxidation states to all of the atoms in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 18 - . What is the oxidation state of chlorine in each...Ch. 18 - . What is the oxidation state of manganese in each...Ch. 18 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 18 - . Does an oxidizing agent donate or accept...Ch. 18 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 18 - . Balance each of the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 46QAPCh. 18 - . Iodide ion, I- , is one of the most easily...Ch. 18 - Prob. 48QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 49QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 50QAPCh. 18 - . In which direction do electrons flow in a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 52QAPCh. 18 - . Consider the oxidation-reduction reaction...Ch. 18 - . Consider the oxidation—reduction reaction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 55QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 56QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 57QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 58QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 59QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 60QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 61QAPCh. 18 - . What are some important uses of electrolysis?Ch. 18 - . Although aluminum is one of the most abundant...Ch. 18 - . The “Chemistry in Focus” segment Water-Powered...Ch. 18 - Prob. 65APCh. 18 - Prob. 66APCh. 18 - Prob. 67APCh. 18 - Prob. 68APCh. 18 - Prob. 69APCh. 18 - Prob. 70APCh. 18 - Prob. 71APCh. 18 - Prob. 72APCh. 18 - Prob. 73APCh. 18 - . To obtain useful electrical energy from an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 75APCh. 18 - Prob. 76APCh. 18 - Prob. 77APCh. 18 - Prob. 78APCh. 18 - . The “pressure” on electrons to flow from one...Ch. 18 - Prob. 80APCh. 18 - Prob. 81APCh. 18 - Prob. 82APCh. 18 - Prob. 83APCh. 18 - . For each of the following unbalanced...Ch. 18 - Prob. 85APCh. 18 - Prob. 86APCh. 18 - Prob. 87APCh. 18 - . Balance each of the following...Ch. 18 - . Balance each of the following...Ch. 18 - . For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - . For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - . Assign oxidation sates to all of the atoms in...Ch. 18 - . Assign oxidation states to all of the atoms in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 94APCh. 18 - Prob. 95APCh. 18 - . Assign oxidation states to all of the atoms in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 97APCh. 18 - . In each of the following reactions, identify...Ch. 18 - . Balance each of the following half-reactions....Ch. 18 - Prob. 100APCh. 18 - Prob. 101APCh. 18 - Prob. 102APCh. 18 - . Consider the oxidation—reduction reaction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 104APCh. 18 - Prob. 105CP
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