Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 18, Problem 41QAP
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given half reaction should be balanced

Concept Introduction:

The oxidation and reduction can be identified by change in oxidation state. If oxidation state of atom of an element increases, it undergoes oxidation and if it decreases, it undergoes reduction.

The general oxidation and reduction half reactions are as follows:

AsA+aq+e

Here, As undergoes oxidation to form A+aq with release of 1 electron. The oxidation state of A increases from 0 to 1.

Similarly,

B+aq+eBs

Here, B+aq undergoes reduction to form Bs with addition of 1 electron. The oxidation state of A decreases from 1 to 0.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 41QAP

CusCu2+aq+2e.

Explanation of Solution

The given half reaction is as follows:

CusCu2+aq

In the above reaction, oxidation state of copper is zero in solid state, it get oxidized to Cu2+ in aqueous solution and oxidation state increases to + 2. In oxidation reaction, loss of electron/s takes place. Here, the change in oxidation state is + 2-0=2 thus, 2 electrons loss from elemental Cu.

Thus, to balance the above reaction, 2 electrons are added to right side of the reaction.

CusCu2+aq+2e.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given half reaction should be balanced

Concept Introduction:

The oxidation and reduction can be identified by change in oxidation state. If oxidation state of atom of an element increases, it undergoes oxidation and if it decreases, it undergoes reduction.

The general oxidation and reduction half reactions are as follows:

AsA+aq+e

Here, As undergoes oxidation to form A+aq with release of 1 electron. The oxidation state of A increases from 0 to 1.

Similarly,

B+aq+eBs

Here, B+aq undergoes reduction to form Bs with addition of 1 electron. The oxidation state of A decreases from 1 to 0.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 41QAP

Fe3+aq+1eFe2+aq.

Explanation of Solution

The given half reaction is as follows:

Fe3+aqFe2+aq

In the above reaction, oxidation state of iron is + 3 in reactant side, it gets reduced to Fe2+ in product side and oxidation state decreases to + 2. In reduction reaction, gain of electron/s takes place. Here, the change in oxidation state is + 2-(+3) = -1 thus, 1 electron is gained by Fe3+.

Thus, to balance the above reaction, 1 electron is added to left side of the reaction.

Fe3+aq+1eFe2+aq.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given half reaction should be balanced

Concept Introduction:

The oxidation and reduction can be identified by change in oxidation state. If oxidation state of atom of an element increases, it undergoes oxidation and if it decreases, it undergoes reduction.

The general oxidation and reduction half reactions are as follows:

AsA+aq+e

Here, As undergoes oxidation to form A+aq with release of 1 electron. The oxidation state of A increases from 0 to 1.

Similarly,

B+aq+eBs

Here, B+aq undergoes reduction to form Bs with addition of 1 electron. The oxidation state of A decreases from 1 to 0.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 41QAP

2BraqBr2l+2e.

Explanation of Solution

The given half reaction is as follows:

BraqBr2l

In the above reaction, oxidation state of bromine is -1 in reactant side, it gets oxidized to Br2 in product side and oxidation state increases to 0. In oxidation reaction, loss of electron/s takes place. Here, the change in oxidation state is 0-(-1) = + 1 thus, 1 electron is lost by Br.

Thus, 1 electron is added to right side of the reaction.

BraqBr2l+1e

Now, to balance the atoms give coefficient 2 to Br thus,

2BraqBr2l+1e

To balance the charge, 1 more electron is added to right side, thus, the balanced half reaction will be:

2BraqBr2l+2e.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given half reaction should be balanced

Concept Introduction:

The oxidation and reduction can be identified by change in oxidation state. If oxidation state of atom of an element increases, it undergoes oxidation and if it decreases, it undergoes reduction.

The general oxidation and reduction half reactions are as follows:

AsA+aq+e

Here, As undergoes oxidation to form A+aq with release of 1 electron. The oxidation state of A increases from 0 to 1.

Similarly,

B+aq+eBs

Here, B+aq undergoes reduction to form Bs with addition of 1 electron. The oxidation state of A decreases from 1 to 0.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 41QAP

Fe2+aq+2eFes.

Explanation of Solution

The given half reaction is as follows:

Fe2+aqFes

In the above reaction, oxidation state of iron is + 2 in reactant side, it gets reduced to Fe in product side and oxidation state decreases to 0. In reduction reaction, gain of electron/s takes place. Here, the change in oxidation state is 0-(+2) = -2 thus, 2 electrons are gained by Fe2+.

Thus, to balance the above reaction, 2 electrons are added to left side of the reaction.

Fe2+aq+2eFes.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

Ch. 18 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 18 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 18 - In balancing oxidation-reduction equations, why is...Ch. 18 - What does it mean for a substance to be oxidized?...Ch. 18 - Label the following parts of the galvanic cell....Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 18 - For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 18 - Explain why, although it is not an ionic compound,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 18 - . Assign oxidation states to all of the atoms in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 18 - . What is the oxidation state of chlorine in each...Ch. 18 - . What is the oxidation state of manganese in each...Ch. 18 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 18 - . Does an oxidizing agent donate or accept...Ch. 18 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 18 - . Balance each of the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 46QAPCh. 18 - . Iodide ion, I- , is one of the most easily...Ch. 18 - Prob. 48QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 49QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 50QAPCh. 18 - . In which direction do electrons flow in a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 52QAPCh. 18 - . Consider the oxidation-reduction reaction...Ch. 18 - . Consider the oxidation—reduction reaction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 55QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 56QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 57QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 58QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 59QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 60QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 61QAPCh. 18 - . What are some important uses of electrolysis?Ch. 18 - . Although aluminum is one of the most abundant...Ch. 18 - . The “Chemistry in Focus” segment Water-Powered...Ch. 18 - Prob. 65APCh. 18 - Prob. 66APCh. 18 - Prob. 67APCh. 18 - Prob. 68APCh. 18 - Prob. 69APCh. 18 - Prob. 70APCh. 18 - Prob. 71APCh. 18 - Prob. 72APCh. 18 - Prob. 73APCh. 18 - . To obtain useful electrical energy from an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 75APCh. 18 - Prob. 76APCh. 18 - Prob. 77APCh. 18 - Prob. 78APCh. 18 - . The “pressure” on electrons to flow from one...Ch. 18 - Prob. 80APCh. 18 - Prob. 81APCh. 18 - Prob. 82APCh. 18 - Prob. 83APCh. 18 - . For each of the following unbalanced...Ch. 18 - Prob. 85APCh. 18 - Prob. 86APCh. 18 - Prob. 87APCh. 18 - . Balance each of the following...Ch. 18 - . Balance each of the following...Ch. 18 - . For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - . For each of the following oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - . Assign oxidation sates to all of the atoms in...Ch. 18 - . Assign oxidation states to all of the atoms in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 94APCh. 18 - Prob. 95APCh. 18 - . Assign oxidation states to all of the atoms in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 97APCh. 18 - . In each of the following reactions, identify...Ch. 18 - . Balance each of the following half-reactions....Ch. 18 - Prob. 100APCh. 18 - Prob. 101APCh. 18 - Prob. 102APCh. 18 - . Consider the oxidation—reduction reaction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 104APCh. 18 - Prob. 105CP
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