
(a)
Interpretation:
The given half reaction should be balanced
Concept Introduction:
The oxidation and reduction can be identified by change in oxidation state. If oxidation state of atom of an element increases, it undergoes oxidation and if it decreases, it undergoes reduction.
The general
Here,
Similarly,
Here,

Answer to Problem 41QAP
Explanation of Solution
The given half reaction is as follows:
In the above reaction, oxidation state of copper is zero in solid state, it get oxidized to
Thus, to balance the above reaction, 2 electrons are added to right side of the reaction.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given half reaction should be balanced
Concept Introduction:
The oxidation and reduction can be identified by change in oxidation state. If oxidation state of atom of an element increases, it undergoes oxidation and if it decreases, it undergoes reduction.
The general oxidation and reduction half reactions are as follows:
Here,
Similarly,
Here,

Answer to Problem 41QAP
Explanation of Solution
The given half reaction is as follows:
In the above reaction, oxidation state of iron is + 3 in reactant side, it gets reduced to
Thus, to balance the above reaction, 1 electron is added to left side of the reaction.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given half reaction should be balanced
Concept Introduction:
The oxidation and reduction can be identified by change in oxidation state. If oxidation state of atom of an element increases, it undergoes oxidation and if it decreases, it undergoes reduction.
The general oxidation and reduction half reactions are as follows:
Here,
Similarly,
Here,

Answer to Problem 41QAP
Explanation of Solution
The given half reaction is as follows:
In the above reaction, oxidation state of bromine is -1 in reactant side, it gets oxidized to
Thus, 1 electron is added to right side of the reaction.
Now, to balance the atoms give coefficient 2 to
To balance the charge, 1 more electron is added to right side, thus, the balanced half reaction will be:
(d)
Interpretation:
The given half reaction should be balanced
Concept Introduction:
The oxidation and reduction can be identified by change in oxidation state. If oxidation state of atom of an element increases, it undergoes oxidation and if it decreases, it undergoes reduction.
The general oxidation and reduction half reactions are as follows:
Here,
Similarly,
Here,

Answer to Problem 41QAP
Explanation of Solution
The given half reaction is as follows:
In the above reaction, oxidation state of iron is + 2 in reactant side, it gets reduced to
Thus, to balance the above reaction, 2 electrons are added to left side of the reaction.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
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