A complete and detailed mechanism for 1 , 3 − dithiane formation reaction is to be drawn. Concept introduction: If an aldehyde or ketone is treated with a large excess of an alcohol under acidic conditions, then the hemiacetal produced from nucleophilic addition reacts further to form an acetal, in which two alkoxy ( RO ) groups are bonded to the same carbon. The complete mechanism for this acetal formation reaction is shown in Equation 18-13: The sulfur analog of an acetal is produced when a ketone or aldehyde is treated with a thiol ( RSH ) under acidic conditions. This is called as thioacetal. When propane − 1 , 3 − dithiol is used, 1 , 3 − dithiane is produced. The mechanism is the same as that of equation 18-13. The only difference is that the coordination step 6 is intramolecular rather than intermolecular.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A complete and detailed mechanism for 1,3−dithiane formation reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

If an aldehyde or ketone is treated with a large excess of an alcohol under acidic conditions, then the hemiacetal produced from nucleophilic addition reacts further to form an acetal, in which two alkoxy (RO) groups are bonded to the same carbon. The complete mechanism for this acetal formation reaction is shown in Equation 18-13:

The sulfur analog of an acetal is produced when a ketone or aldehyde is treated with a thiol (RSH) under acidic conditions. This is called as thioacetal. When propane−1,3−dithiol is used, 1,3−dithiane is produced. The mechanism is the same as that of equation 18-13. The only difference is that the coordination step 6 is intramolecular rather than intermolecular.

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A complete and detailed mechanism for 1,3−dithiane formation reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

If an aldehyde or ketone is treated with a large excess of an alcohol under acidic conditions, then the hemiacetal produced from nucleophilic addition reacts further to form an acetal, in which two alkoxy (RO) groups are bonded to the same carbon. The complete mechanism for this acetal formation reaction is shown in Equation 18-13:

The sulfur analog of an acetal is produced when a ketone or aldehyde is treated with a thiol (RSH) under acidic conditions. This is called as thioacetal. When propane−1,3−dithiol is used, 1,3−dithiane is produced. The mechanism is the same as that of equation 18-13. The only difference is that the coordination step 6 is intramolecular rather than intermolecular.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A complete and detailed mechanism for 1,3−dithiane formation reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

If an aldehyde or ketone is treated with a large excess of an alcohol under acidic conditions, then the hemiacetal produced from nucleophilic addition reacts further to form an acetal, in which two alkoxy (RO) groups are bonded to the same carbon. The complete mechanism for this acetal formation reaction is shown in Equation 18-13:

The sulfur analog of an acetal is produced when a ketone or aldehyde is treated with a thiol (RSH) under acidic conditions. This is called as thioacetal. When propane−1,3−dithiol is used, 1,3−dithiane is produced. The mechanism is the same as that of equation 18-13. The only difference is that the coordination step 6 is intramolecular rather than intermolecular.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.9P

Interpretation Introduction