(a) Interpretation: The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined. Concept introduction: Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

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Commercial bleach contains either chlorine or oxygen as an active ingredient. A commercial oxygenated bleach is much safer to handle and less likely to ruin your clothes. It is possible to determine the amount of active ingredient in an oxygenated bleach product by performing a redox titration. The balance reaction for such a titration is: 6H+ +5H2O2 +2MnO4- à 5O2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O If you performed the following procedure: “First, dilute the Seventh Generation Non-Chlorine Bleach by pipetting 10 mL of bleach in a 100 mL volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with distilled water. Next, pipet 10 mL of the diluted bleach solution into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and add 20 mL of 1.0 M H2SO4 to the flask. This solution should be titrated with 0.0100 M KMnO4 solution.” It took 18.47mL of the KMnO4 to reach the endpoint on average. What was the concentration of H2O2 in the original bleach solution in weight % assuming the density of bleach is 1g/mL?

10.

Proper care of pH electrodes: Why can you not store a pH electrode in distilled water? What must you instead store it in? Why?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn and the major product of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Enamines are inherently less reactive than their enolate ion analogs, it is necessary to treat them with highly reactive alkylating agents in order to effect a reaction. Enamines are not as nucleophilic as their enolate ion equivalents.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

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Chapter 18 Solutions