(a) Interpretation: The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn. Concept introduction: The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as acid as well as a base depending on availability and the reaction condition.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as acid as well as a base depending on availability and the reaction condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as an acid as well as base depending on availability and the reaction condition. The α,β unsaturated aldehyde or ketone possesses two electrophilic centers – one is carbonyl carbon itself and second is the β carbon of the compound. Due to the resonance, there are two possible attacks for the nucleophile. When the nucleophile adds the carbonyl carbon, it is called a 1, 2-addtion product or direct addition product, and it is an irreversible addition as carbonyl group is not regenerated. Instead, alcohol is formed as the product on the acid or protic workup. When the nucleophile adds β carbon of the carbonyl compound, it is called 1, 4-addition product or conjugate addition product, and it is a reversible addition as the carbonyl group is regenerated on the acid or protic workup.

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Predict the organic products that form in the reaction below: OH H+ H+ + ☑ Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ✓ m

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Please help, this is all the calculations i got!!! I will rate!!!Approx mass of KMnO in vial: 3.464 4 Moss of beaker 3×~0. z Nax200: = 29.9219 Massof weacerv after remosimgain N2C2O4. Need to fill in all the missing blanks. ง ง Approx mass of KMnO4 in vials 3.464 Mass of beaker + 3x ~0-304: 29.9219 2~0.20 Miss of beaker + 2x- 29.7239 Mass of beaker + 1x~0.2g Naz (204 29-5249 Mass of beaver after removing as qa Na₂ C₂O T1 T2 T3 Final Buiet reading Initial butet reading (int)) Hass of NaOr used for Titration -reading (mL) calculation Results: 8.5ml 17mL 27.4mL Oml Om Oml T1 T2 T3 Moles of No CO Moles of KMO used LOF KM. O used Molenty of KMNO Averagem Of KMOWL

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as acid as well as a base depending on availability and the reaction condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as an acid as well as base depending on availability and the reaction condition. The α,β unsaturated aldehyde or ketone possesses two electrophilic centers – one is carbonyl carbon itself and second is the β carbon of the compound. Due to the resonance, there are two possible attacks for the nucleophile. When the nucleophile adds the carbonyl carbon, it is called a 1, 2-addtion product or direct addition product, and it is an irreversible addition as carbonyl group is not regenerated. Instead, alcohol is formed as the product on the acid or protic workup. When the nucleophile adds β carbon of the carbonyl compound, it is called 1, 4-addition product or conjugate addition product, and it is a reversible addition as the carbonyl group is regenerated on the acid or protic workup.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as acid as well as a base depending on availability and the reaction condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as an acid as well as base depending on availability and the reaction condition. The α,β unsaturated aldehyde or ketone possesses two electrophilic centers – one is carbonyl carbon itself and second is the β carbon of the compound. Due to the resonance, there are two possible attacks for the nucleophile. When the nucleophile adds the carbonyl carbon, it is called a 1, 2-addtion product or direct addition product, and it is an irreversible addition as carbonyl group is not regenerated. Instead, alcohol is formed as the product on the acid or protic workup. When the nucleophile adds β carbon of the carbonyl compound, it is called 1, 4-addition product or conjugate addition product, and it is a reversible addition as the carbonyl group is regenerated on the acid or protic workup.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as acid as well as a base depending on availability and the reaction condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as an acid as well as base depending on availability and the reaction condition. The α,β unsaturated aldehyde or ketone possesses two electrophilic centers – one is carbonyl carbon itself and second is the β carbon of the compound. Due to the resonance, there are two possible attacks for the nucleophile. When the nucleophile adds the carbonyl carbon, it is called a 1, 2-addtion product or direct addition product, and it is an irreversible addition as carbonyl group is not regenerated. Instead, alcohol is formed as the product on the acid or protic workup. When the nucleophile adds β carbon of the carbonyl compound, it is called 1, 4-addition product or conjugate addition product, and it is a reversible addition as the carbonyl group is regenerated on the acid or protic workup.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as acid as well as a base depending on availability and the reaction condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as an acid as well as base depending on availability and the reaction condition. The α,β unsaturated aldehyde or ketone possesses two electrophilic centers – one is carbonyl carbon itself and second is the β carbon of the compound. Due to the resonance, there are two possible attacks for the nucleophile. When the nucleophile adds the carbonyl carbon, it is called a 1, 2-addtion product or direct addition product, and it is an irreversible addition as carbonyl group is not regenerated. Instead, alcohol is formed as the product on the acid or protic workup. When the nucleophile adds β carbon of the carbonyl compound, it is called 1, 4-addition product or conjugate addition product, and it is a reversible addition as the carbonyl group is regenerated on the acid or protic workup.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as acid as well as a base depending on availability and the reaction condition.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as acid as well as a base depending on availability and the reaction condition.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as an acid as well as base depending on availability and the reaction condition. The α,β unsaturated aldehyde or ketone possesses two electrophilic centers – one is carbonyl carbon itself and second is the β carbon of the compound. Due to the resonance, there are two possible attacks for the nucleophile. When the nucleophile adds the carbonyl carbon, it is called a 1, 2-addtion product or direct addition product, and it is an irreversible addition as carbonyl group is not regenerated. Instead, alcohol is formed as the product on the acid or protic workup. When the nucleophile adds β carbon of the carbonyl compound, it is called 1, 4-addition product or conjugate addition product, and it is a reversible addition as the carbonyl group is regenerated on the acid or protic workup.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mechanism and product for the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic in nature due to the electronegativity difference. The nucleophile adds the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group. Since water is amphoteric in nature, it can act as an acid as well as base depending on availability and the reaction condition. The α,β unsaturated aldehyde or ketone possesses two electrophilic centers – one is carbonyl carbon itself and second is the β carbon of the compound. Due to the resonance, there are two possible attacks for the nucleophile. When the nucleophile adds the carbonyl carbon, it is called a 1, 2-addtion product or direct addition product, and it is an irreversible addition as carbonyl group is not regenerated. Instead, alcohol is formed as the product on the acid or protic workup. When the nucleophile adds β carbon of the carbonyl compound, it is called 1, 4-addition product or conjugate addition product, and it is a reversible addition as the carbonyl group is regenerated on the acid or protic workup.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

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