Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.5E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The labeled structure of a typical saturated fatty acid is to be drawn. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic part of the fatty acid is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
The solubility of two substances dependents on the “like dissolves like” principle that means polar substances dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar substances will dissolve in non-polar solvents. The water-soluble compounds are hydrophilic and water-insoluble compounds are hydrophobic.
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Fatty acids are carboxylic acids that have long hydrocarbon chains attached to a carboxylate group. How does a saturated fatty acid differ from an unsaturated fatty acid? How are they similar?
Fatty acids are molecules with a carboxylic acid on one end and long hydrocarbon chain on the other. The sodium salts of fatty acids (such as sodium strearate, shown below) are commonly used in soaps to trap nonpolar dirt and grease particles.
Illustrate and explain on a molecular level how multiple sodium stearate molecules can come together to trap dirt particles.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Ch. 18 - What is the basis for deciding if a substance is a...Ch. 18 - List two major functions of lipids in the human...Ch. 18 - What functional group is common to all...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.5ECh. 18 - Describe four structural characteristics exhibited...Ch. 18 - Describe the structure of a micelle formed by the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.9ECh. 18 - Explain why the melting points of unsaturated...
Ch. 18 - What structural feature of a fatty acid is...Ch. 18 - How are fats and oils structurally similar? How...Ch. 18 - From Figure 18.7, arrange the following substances...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a triglyceride that contains...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.15ECh. 18 - The percentage of fatty acid composition of two...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.17ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.18ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.19ECh. 18 - Why is the hydrogenation of vegetable oils of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.21ECh. 18 - Write reactions to show how each of the following...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a wax formed from oleic acid...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.24ECh. 18 - Draw the structure of a wax formed from stearic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.26ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.27ECh. 18 - Draw the general block diagram structure of a...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a phosphoglyceride...Ch. 18 - Describe two biological roles served by the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.31ECh. 18 - What is the structural difference between a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.33ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.34ECh. 18 - List two structural differences between...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.36ECh. 18 - Describe the structural similarities and...Ch. 18 - Give another name for glycolipids. In what tissues...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.40ECh. 18 - How does the polarity of the phosphoglycerides...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.43ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.44ECh. 18 - Explain how bile salts aid in the digestion of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.46ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.47ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.48ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.49ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.50ECh. 18 - How are testosterone and progesterone structurally...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.52ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.53ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.54ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.55ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.56ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.57ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.58ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.59ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.60ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.61ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.62ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.63ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.64ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.65ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.66ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.67ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.68ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.69ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.70ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.71ECh. 18 - When a doughnut is placed on a napkin, the napkin...Ch. 18 - Fats belong to the class of organic compounds...Ch. 18 - Identify each of the following characteristics as...Ch. 18 - Identify which sex hormones testosterone,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.76ECh. 18 - In diseases of the gallbladder, which of the...Ch. 18 - Steroids are classified as: a.carbohydrates....Ch. 18 - Accumulation of cholesterol leads to the hardening...Ch. 18 - Cholesterol, in spite of its bad reputation, is an...Ch. 18 - Bile is manufactured in the: a. duodenum. b....Ch. 18 - The basic structure of cell membrane is a: a....Ch. 18 - The mineralocorticoid _____ is a product of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.84ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.85E
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- What is the basis for deciding if a substance is a lipid?arrow_forwarddo both pleasearrow_forwardA certain phospholipid molecule contains two fatty acid chains of eight carbon atoms each having no carbon-carbon double bonds in the chain. The phosphate ion is attached to a polar organic molecule, X, just as highlighted in yellow in the figure in the introduction. Complete the structure of the phospholipid molecule using the structure in the introduction. To include a X group in your structure, draw another atom, hover over the atom with the mouse, and then press the X key on your keyboard.arrow_forward
- A certain phospholipid molecule contains two fatty acid chains of eight carbon atoms each having no carbon-carbon double bonds in the chain. The phosphate ion is attached to a polar organic molecule, X, just as highlighted in yellow in the figure in the introduction.Complete the structure of the phospholipid molecule using the structure in the introduction. To include a X group in your structure, draw another atom, hover over the atom with the mouse, and then press the X key on your keyboard. Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars. The single bond is active by default.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a fatty acid which is a solid at room temperature? OH H. OH OHarrow_forwardFatty acids are molecules with a carboxylic acid on one end and long hydrocarbon chain on the other. The sodium salts of fatty acids (such as sodium strearate, shown below) are commonly used in soaps to trap nonpolar dirt and grease particles. Soap does not work well in "hard water, which is water with high concentration of magensium and calcium ions (often found in water obtained from wells) Explain this observation at a molecular level.arrow_forward
- The monomers of lipids are called fatty acids. Draw the lipid monomer a fatty acid, labeling the hydrocarbon chain and the carboxyl end group. Be sure to show ALL of the atoms within the molecule (there are several different fatty acids in living things including oleic acid and stearic acid, each with a unique molecular formula). Do not give handwriting solution.arrow_forwardОн HO HO HO NH Но Но 1- Important functional groups as per the structure? 2- Possible drug target interaction (non covalent) ' After seeing the structure ? 3- What are the chemical bonds found in this structure ? (write the types)arrow_forward1. Draw the Full Lewis chemical structure of a simple ester of your choice containing exactly five carbon atoms.arrow_forward
- Question 6: The structural diagram of one of the twenty amino acids is given below. Look at and answer the next two questions. H >--< N-C-C H H O-H 6a. Which chemical groups are present in this amino acid? Name them. H 6b. Is this amino acid hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or amphipathic? How do you know? Explain. Use the terms electronegativity and polar in your answer. (You might want toarrow_forwardB. Complete the table. Analyze the information and answer each guide question in two sentences. Submit this as an assignment. Structure Main Intermolecular Forces MP (Literature value, °C) Substance Decanoic acid Stearic acid Benzoicacid Salicylic acid Octane Isooctane 2,2,3,3-tetra- methylbutanearrow_forward4. The figure below is a cartoon representation of a large biomolecule called a peptide, made up of different types of amino acids. Near the bottom of the figure are two chemical groups that are part of different amino acids in different positions along the chain. Based on the structures of those groups, what type of force is represented by the dashed red line? Be sure to consider any charges that are shown. E Amino Acids Palbpeptide Chainarrow_forward
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