(a) Interpretation: The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined. Concept Introduction: A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

Question

(a) What is the difference between the hormones progesterone and testosterone? (b) Draw the structure of a a steroid nucleus. (c) Give the products obtained from complete base hydrolysis in the following reaction: O || CH,−O−C−(CH2)14–CH3 O CH–0–C−(CH2)14—CH3 + 3 NaOH O CH,−0–C−(CH2)14–CH3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

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(a) What is the difference between the hormones progesterone and testosterone? (b) Draw the structure of a a steroid nucleus. (c) Give the products obtained from complete base hydrolysis in the following reaction: O || CH,−O−C−(CH2)14–CH3 O CH–0–C−(CH2)14—CH3 + 3 NaOH O CH,−0–C−(CH2)14–CH3

There are eight primary amines with the molecular formula C5H13N . (a) Name and draw a structural formula for each amine. (b) Which of these amines are chiral?

← + 5 2 QT ΑΙ 1. SECTION A Answer BOTH questions in this section (Each question is worth 20 marks) Answer ALL parts of this question. (a) Compare the structure of the ß-lactam antibiotic A with antibiotic X shown in Figure Q1(a) in terms of how structural differences affect the following properties; (i) Spectrum of activity. (ii) Resistance to ẞ-Lactamases. (iii) Oral bioavailability. (3 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (b) HH H H ΗΝ Ξ S ΗΝ Ξ S CO₂H A CO₂H X Figure Q1(a) The drugs that are available for Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) can be broken down into five classes. Define three of these classes providing one drug example for each. (6 marks) Question 1 continued on page 2....

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 25

Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - 18-4 Answer true or false. (a) The functional...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - 18-6 Name and draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 18 - 18-7 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - 18-8 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

(a) Interpretation: The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined. Concept Introduction: A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

(a) Interpretation: The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined. Concept Introduction: A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

(b) Interpretation: The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined. Concept Introduction: An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

(c) Interpretation: Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined. Concept Introduction: A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

(d) Interpretation: To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group. Concept Introduction: A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

Chapter 18 Solutions

(a)

Interpretation:

The size of the large ring in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A ring is formed when the connection between the atoms results in the formation of a closed member cycle, which includes atoms and bonds.

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group present in azithromycin molecule should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or group of atoms due to which a compound shows the characteristic properties is said to be the functional group.

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether azithromycin molecule is chiral or not should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.

(d)

Interpretation:

To show that each smaller ring in azithromycin is attached to the larger ring by one arm of an acetal group.

Concept Introduction:

A chiral molecule must contains chiral carbon atom which must be bonded with four different atoms or group of atoms.