Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.47P
18-47 Methylparaben and propylparaben are used as preservatives in foods, beverages, and cosmetics.
Show how each of these preservatives can be prepared from 4-aminobenzoic acid.
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Amines with more than 6 carbons are soluble in:
a) aqueous HCI
b) aqueous NaHCO3
d) water
c) aqueous NaOH
Which of the following would give a positive iodoform test?
acetone
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c) 3-pentanone
d) cyclopentanone
meth
"Saponification" as the term is used in organic chemistry means:
a) acidic hydrolysis of an ester
b) basic hydrolysis of an ester
c) acidic hydrolysis of an amide
d) basic hydrolysis of an amide
3. (
Propylamine can be synthesized by the LiAlH4 reduction of:
a) CH3CH2CECH
b) CH3CH=NH
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c) CH3CH2NO2
Esterification of Carboxylic Acids
Provide the reactions (chemical equations) on esterification of the following acids:
Ethanoic acid
Butanoic acid
Benzoic acid
Acetic acid + methanol
Acetic acid + ethanol
Salicylic acid + methanol
Acetic acid + benzyl alcohol
Which reagent describe the following reaction?
Ester
Carboxylic acid or Carboxylate: which is the conjugate base of carboxylic acid
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Amine
Acid Halide
Amide
Anhydride
Chapter 18 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18 - 18-4 Answer true or false. (a) The functional...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5PCh. 18 - 18-6 Name and draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 18 - 18-7 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - 18-8 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.10P
Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.11PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.12PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.13PCh. 18 - 18-14 Answer true or false. (a) Carboxylic acids...Ch. 18 - 18-15 Draw a structural formula for the dimer...Ch. 18 - 18-16 Propanedioic (malonic) acid forms an...Ch. 18 - 18-17 Hexanoic (caproic) acid has a solubility in...Ch. 18 - 18-18 Propanoic acid and methyl acetate are...Ch. 18 - 18-19 The following compounds have approximately...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.20PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22PCh. 18 - 18-23 Characterize the structural features...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.24PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.25PCh. 18 - 18-26 Answer true or false. (a) Carboxylic acids...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.27PCh. 18 - 18-28 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 18 - 18-29 Complete the equations for these acid—base...Ch. 18 - 18-30 Complete the equations for these acid-base...Ch. 18 - 18-31 Formic acid is one of the components...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.32PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.35PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.36PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.37PCh. 18 - 18-38 Which is the stronger base: CH3CH2NH2 or...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.40PCh. 18 - 18-41 Complete these examples of Fischer...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.43PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.44PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45PCh. 18 - 18-46 Procaine (its hydrochloride salt is marketed...Ch. 18 - 18-47 Methylparaben and propylparaben are used as...Ch. 18 - 18-48 4-Aminobenzoic acid is prepared from benzoic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.49PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.50PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.51PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.52PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.54PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.55P
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- 18-31 Formic acid is one of the components responsible for the sting of biting ants and is injected under the skin by bee and wasp stings. The pain can be relieved by rubbing the area of the sting with a paste of baking soda (NaHCO3) and water, which neutralizes the acid. Write an equation for this reaction.arrow_forward16-13 Classify each amino group as primary, secondary, or tertiary and as aliphatic or aromatic. Serotonin (a neurotransmitter) Diphenhydramine (the hydrochloride salt is the antihistamine Benadryl) Lysine (an amino acid)arrow_forward16-28 Following is the structural formula of metformin, the hydrochloride salt of which is marketed as the antidiabetic medication Glucophage. Metformin was introduced into clinical practice in the United States in 1995 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. More than 25 million prescriptions for this drug were written in 2000, making it the most commonly prescribed brand-name diabetes medication in the nation. NH NH H3(\ 3 N N Nh2ch3 h Metformin Complete the Lewis structure for metformin, showing all valence electrons. Which nitrogen is the most likely site of protonation? Draw the structural formula of Glucophage.arrow_forward
- 18-19 The following compounds have approximately the same molecular weight: hexanoic acid, heptanal, and 1-heptanol. Arrange them in order of increasing boiling point.arrow_forward8 (Chemical Connections 19C) Once it has been opened, and particularly if it has been left open to the air, a bottle of aspirin may develop a vinegar-like odor. Explain how this might happen.arrow_forward18-17 Hexanoic (caproic) acid has a solubility in water of about 1 g/100 mL water. Which part of the molecule contributes to water solubility, and which part prevents solubility?arrow_forward
- 2 (Chemical Connections 19A) Locate the ester group in pyrethrin I and draw a structural formula for chrysanthemic acid, the carboxylic acid from which this ester is derived.arrow_forward17-13 Which compounds contain carbonyl groups?arrow_forwardWhich carboxylic acid has salts that are used to inhibit yeast and mold growth in the following? a. Ketchup and syrup b. Sauerkraut c. Pie filling d. Baked productsarrow_forward
- 16-54 Several poisonous plants, including Atropa belladonna, contain the alkaloid atropine. The name “belladonna” (which means “beautiful lady”) probably comes from the fact that Roman women used extracts from this plant to make themselves more attractive. Atropine is widely used by ophthal mologists and optometrists to dilate the pupils for eye examination. Classify the amino group in atropine as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Locate all stereocenters in atropine. Account for the fact that atropine is almost insoluble in water (1 g in 455 mL of cold water) but atropine hydrogen sulfate is very soluble (1 g in 5 mL of cold water). Account for the fact that a dilute aqueous solution of atropine is basic (pH approximately 10.0).arrow_forward16-35 (Chemical Connections 16B ) What is an alkaloid? Are all alkaloids basic to litmus?arrow_forward17-70 What simple chemical test could you use to distinguish between the members of each pair of com pounds? Tell what you would do, what you would expect to observe, and how you would interpret your experimental observation. (a) Benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone (b) Acetaldehyde and acetonearrow_forward
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