Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.41P
18-41 Complete these examples of Fischer esterification. In each case, assume an excess of the alcohol.
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Complete the example of Fischer esterification. Assume that the alcohol is present in excess.
Consider the following two molecules and answer the following questions.
Molecule A:
HO-
CH-CH3
CH3
Molecule B:
||
H,C-CH,-C-0-CH3
a) What are all of the IMFS present in molecule A?
b) What are all of the IMFS present in molecule B?
c) Which would have the higher boiling point, molecule A or molecule B?
d) What is the relationship between molecules A & B: structural isomers, geometric isomers, identical, or not related?
Substance
Substance A
Substance B
Substance C
Molecular Component
OH
OH
Substance
Substance D
Substance E
Molecular Component
Chapter 18 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18 - 18-4 Answer true or false. (a) The functional...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5PCh. 18 - 18-6 Name and draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 18 - 18-7 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - 18-8 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.10P
Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.11PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.12PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.13PCh. 18 - 18-14 Answer true or false. (a) Carboxylic acids...Ch. 18 - 18-15 Draw a structural formula for the dimer...Ch. 18 - 18-16 Propanedioic (malonic) acid forms an...Ch. 18 - 18-17 Hexanoic (caproic) acid has a solubility in...Ch. 18 - 18-18 Propanoic acid and methyl acetate are...Ch. 18 - 18-19 The following compounds have approximately...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.20PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22PCh. 18 - 18-23 Characterize the structural features...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.24PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.25PCh. 18 - 18-26 Answer true or false. (a) Carboxylic acids...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.27PCh. 18 - 18-28 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 18 - 18-29 Complete the equations for these acid—base...Ch. 18 - 18-30 Complete the equations for these acid-base...Ch. 18 - 18-31 Formic acid is one of the components...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.32PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.35PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.36PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.37PCh. 18 - 18-38 Which is the stronger base: CH3CH2NH2 or...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.40PCh. 18 - 18-41 Complete these examples of Fischer...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.43PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.44PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45PCh. 18 - 18-46 Procaine (its hydrochloride salt is marketed...Ch. 18 - 18-47 Methylparaben and propylparaben are used as...Ch. 18 - 18-48 4-Aminobenzoic acid is prepared from benzoic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.49PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.50PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.51PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.52PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.54PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.55P
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- 17-47 What is the characteristic structural feature of a hemiacetal? Of an acetal?arrow_forward17-29 Why can’t two molecules of acetone form a hydrogen bond with each other?arrow_forward17-26 Account for the fact that acetone has a higher boiling point (56°C) than ethyl methyl ether (11°C) even though their molecular weights are almost the same.arrow_forward
- Complete the following statements: a. Oxidation of a secondary alcohol produces ___________. b. Oxidation of a primary alcohol produces an aldehyde that can be further oxidized to a ________. c. Hydrogenation of a ketone produces __________. d. Hydrogenation of an aldehyde produces __________. e. Hydrolysis of an acetal produces _________. f. Hydrolysis of a ketal produces _________.arrow_forward18-19 The following compounds have approximately the same molecular weight: hexanoic acid, heptanal, and 1-heptanol. Arrange them in order of increasing boiling point.arrow_forward17-11 What is the difference in structure between an aromatic aldehyde and an aliphatic aldehyde?arrow_forward
- 16-54 Several poisonous plants, including Atropa belladonna, contain the alkaloid atropine. The name “belladonna” (which means “beautiful lady”) probably comes from the fact that Roman women used extracts from this plant to make themselves more attractive. Atropine is widely used by ophthal mologists and optometrists to dilate the pupils for eye examination. Classify the amino group in atropine as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Locate all stereocenters in atropine. Account for the fact that atropine is almost insoluble in water (1 g in 455 mL of cold water) but atropine hydrogen sulfate is very soluble (1 g in 5 mL of cold water). Account for the fact that a dilute aqueous solution of atropine is basic (pH approximately 10.0).arrow_forward17-34 Explain why liquid aldehydes are often stored under an atmosphere of nitrogen rather than in air.arrow_forward17-70 What simple chemical test could you use to distinguish between the members of each pair of com pounds? Tell what you would do, what you would expect to observe, and how you would interpret your experimental observation. (a) Benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone (b) Acetaldehyde and acetonearrow_forward
- 16-46 Arrange these three compounds in order of decreas ing ability to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds: CH3OH, CH3SH, and (CH3)2NH.arrow_forward18-18 Propanoic acid and methyl acetate are constitutional isomers, and both are liquids at room temperature. One of these compounds has a boiling point of 141°C; the other has a boiling point of 57°C. Which compound has which boiling point? Explain.arrow_forward18-6 Name and draw structural formulas for the four carboxylic acids with the molecular formula C5H10O2. Which of these carboxylic acids are chiral?arrow_forward
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