Interpretation:
To explain why a methoxy group (CH3O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution
Concept introduction:
The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.
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