Chapter 18, Problem 18.43QE

For each of the reactions, calculate E° from the table of standard potentials, and state whether the reaction is spontaneous as written or spontaneous in the reverse direction under standard conditions.

(a) ${\text{Cu}}^{2+}\left(\text{aq}\right)+\text{Ni}\left(\text{s}\right)\to \text{Cu}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{Ni}}^{2+}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

(b) $2\text{Ag}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{Cl}}_2\left(\text{g}\right)\to 2\text{AgCl}\left(\text{s}\right)$

(c) ${\text{Cl}}_2\left(\text{g}\right)+2{\text{I}}^{-}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to 2{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{I}}_2\left(\text{s}\right)$