Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259822674
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17.7, Problem 33P
To determine
What happens to the exit velocity and mass flow rate through a converging nozzle at sonic exit conditions when the nozzle exit area is reduced.
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Consider a converging nozzle with sonic speed at the exit plane. Now the nozzle exit area is reduced while the nozzle inlet conditions are maintained constant. What will happen to (a) the exit velocity and (b) the mass flow rate through the nozzle?
Consider a converging nozzle and a converging– diverging nozzle having the same throat areas. For the same inlet conditions, how would you compare the mass flow rates through these two nozzles?
Consider a converging nozzle, with exit air velocity of Ma=1. What could you do to accelerate the air further?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 17.7 - A high-speed aircraft is cruising in still air....Ch. 17.7 - What is dynamic temperature?Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 3PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 4PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 5PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 6PCh. 17.7 - Calculate the stagnation temperature and pressure...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 8PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 9PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 11PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 12PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 13PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 14PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 15PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 16PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 17PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 18PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 19PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 20PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 21PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 22PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 23PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 24PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 25PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 26PCh. 17.7 - The isentropic process for an ideal gas is...Ch. 17.7 - Is it possible to accelerate a gas to a supersonic...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 29PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 30PCh. 17.7 - A gas initially at a supersonic velocity enters an...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 32PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 33PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 34PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 35PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 36PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 37PCh. 17.7 - Air at 25 psia, 320F, and Mach number Ma = 0.7...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 39PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 40PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 41PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 42PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 43PCh. 17.7 - Is it possible to accelerate a fluid to supersonic...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 45PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 46PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 47PCh. 17.7 - Consider subsonic flow in a converging nozzle with...Ch. 17.7 - Consider a converging nozzle and a...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 50PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 51PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 52PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 53PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 54PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 57PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 58PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 59PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 60PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 61PCh. 17.7 - Air enters a nozzle at 0.5 MPa, 420 K, and a...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 63PCh. 17.7 - Are the isentropic relations of ideal gases...Ch. 17.7 - What do the states on the Fanno line and the...Ch. 17.7 - It is claimed that an oblique shock can be...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 69PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 70PCh. 17.7 - For an oblique shock to occur, does the upstream...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 72PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 73PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 74PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 75PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 76PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 77PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 78PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 79PCh. 17.7 - Air flowing steadily in a nozzle experiences a...Ch. 17.7 - Air enters a convergingdiverging nozzle of a...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 84PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 85PCh. 17.7 - Consider the supersonic flow of air at upstream...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 87PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 88PCh. 17.7 - Air flowing at 40 kPa, 210 K, and a Mach number of...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 90PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 91PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 92PCh. 17.7 - What is the characteristic aspect of Rayleigh...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 94PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 95PCh. 17.7 - What is the effect of heat gain and heat loss on...Ch. 17.7 - Consider subsonic Rayleigh flow of air with a Mach...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 98PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 99PCh. 17.7 - Air is heated as it flows subsonically through a...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 101PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 102PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 103PCh. 17.7 - Air enters a rectangular duct at T1 = 300 K, P1 =...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 106PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 107PCh. 17.7 - Air is heated as it flows through a 6 in 6 in...Ch. 17.7 - What is supersaturation? Under what conditions...Ch. 17.7 - Steam enters a converging nozzle at 5.0 MPa and...Ch. 17.7 - Steam enters a convergingdiverging nozzle at 1 MPa...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 112PCh. 17.7 - Prob. 113RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 114RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 115RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 116RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 118RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 119RPCh. 17.7 - Using Eqs. 174, 1713, and 1714, verify that for...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 121RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 122RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 123RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 124RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 125RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 126RPCh. 17.7 - Nitrogen enters a convergingdiverging nozzle at...Ch. 17.7 - An aircraft flies with a Mach number Ma1 = 0.9 at...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 129RPCh. 17.7 - Helium expands in a nozzle from 220 psia, 740 R,...Ch. 17.7 - Helium expands in a nozzle from 0.8 MPa, 500 K,...Ch. 17.7 - Air is heated as it flows subsonically through a...Ch. 17.7 - Air is heated as it flows subsonically through a...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 134RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 135RPCh. 17.7 - Air is cooled as it flows through a 30-cm-diameter...Ch. 17.7 - Saturated steam enters a convergingdiverging...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 138RPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 145FEPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 146FEPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 147FEPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 148FEPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 149FEPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 150FEPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 151FEPCh. 17.7 - Prob. 152FEPCh. 17.7 - Consider gas flow through a convergingdiverging...Ch. 17.7 - Combustion gases with k = 1.33 enter a converging...
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- Air at 1 MPa and 600°C enters a converging nozzle with a velocity of 150 m/s. Determine the mass flow rate through the nozzle for a nozzle throat area of 50 cm2 when the back pressure is (a) 7 MPa and (b) 4.0 kg/cm?.arrow_forwardSteam expands isentropically in a converging/diverging nozzle from inlet conditionsof 1400 kPa, 325°C, and negligible velocity to a discharge pressure of 140 kPa. At thethroat, the cross-sectional area is 6 cm2. Determine the mass flow rate of the steamand the state of the steam at the exit of the nozzle.arrow_forwardConsider gas flow through a converging nozzle with specified inlet conditions. We know that the highest velocity the fluid can have at the nozzle exit is the sonic velocity, at which point the mass flow rate through the nozzle is a maximum. If it were possible to achieve hypersonic velocities at the nozzle exit, how would it affect the mass flow rate through the nozzle?arrow_forward
- A large reservoir maintains air at 6.8×105 P a and 15°C. The air flows isentropically through a convergent and divergent nozzle to another large reservoir where the back pressure can be varied. The area of the throat is 25 cm2 and the area of the nozzle exit is 100 cm2 . Find (a) The maximum mass flow rate through the nozzle. (b) The two values of the Mach number at the nozzle exit corresponding to this mass flow rate. (c) The back pressures required to produce these Mach numbers.arrow_forwardSteam at an initial enthalpy of 100 kJ/kg and inlet velocity of 100 m/s, enters an insulated horizontal nozzle. It leaves the nozzle at 200 m/s. The exit enthalpy (in kJ/kg) is.arrow_forwardAir at a stagnation state of 300 kPa and 350 K flows through a convergent nozzle of exit diameter 15 mm, into a constant area frictionless duct of the same diameter as that of the nozzle exit. Heat is transferred to the duct at a rate of 175 kJ.kg1 of air. Determine (a) the maximum mass flow rate through the duct and (b) the range of back pressure for which the mass flow rate is maximum.arrow_forward
- Thermodynamics: Please show how to solve the given problem and how to find the answer step by steparrow_forwardAir is approaching a converging–diverging nozzle with a low velocity at 12°C and 200 kPa, and it leaves the nozzle at a supersonic velocity. The velocity of air at the throat of the nozzle is (a) 338 m/s (b) 309 m/s (c) 280 m/s (d ) 256 m/s (e) 95 m/sarrow_forwardShow that the point of maximum entropy on the Fanno line for the adiabatic steady flow of a fluid in a duct corresponds to the sonic velocity, Ma = 1.arrow_forward
- A converging–diverging nozzle receives air from a tank at 100 psia and 600°R. The pressure is 28.0 psia immediately preceding a plane shock that is located in the di- verging section. The Mach number at the exit is 0.5 and the flow rate is 10 lbm/sec. Determine: (a) The throat area. (b) The area at which the shock is located. (c) The outlet pressure required to operate the nozzle in the manner described above. (d) The outlet area. (e) The design Mach number.arrow_forwardA jet engine at 7000m altitude takes in 45 kg/s of air and adds 550 kJ/kg in the combustion chamber. The chamber cross section is 0.5 m2 and the air enters the chamber at 80 kPa and 5oC. After combustion the air expands through an isentropic converging nozzle to exit at atmospheric pressure. Estimate (a) the nozzle throat diameter (b) the nozzle exit velocity and (c) the thrust produced by the engine.arrow_forwardConsider subsonic Fanno flow accelerated to sonic velocity (Ma = 1) at the duct exit as a result of frictional effects. If the duct length is increased further, will the flow at the duct exit be supersonic, subsonic, or remain sonic? Will the mass flow rate of the fluid increase, decrease, or remain constant as a result of increasing the duct length?arrow_forward
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