Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 17TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Translation is the synthesis of a protein chain from an mRNA molecule, and the produced protein undergoes different chemical modifications. These changes are known as posttranslational modifications.
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During translation, when a stop codon is read on the mRNA strand at the ribosome...
a
the mRNA is digested by a protease complex
b
a repressor attached to the ribosome that inhibits the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA
c
the enzyme helicase binds to terminate the polypeptide
d
a release factor enters the A site of the ribosome and stimulates the disassembly of the translation complex
Codons are...
a
triplets coding for a single amino acid.
b
redundant in their coding for various amino acids.
c
matched with anticodons during translation
d
triplets found on transfer RNA
Question 6 (1 point)
In order to produce many copies of the same protein in a short period of time, the cell uses...
a
intron self-splicing.
b
many RNA polymerase molecules to produce multiple mRNA transcripts at the same time.
c
single-unit ribosomes for high speed translation.
d
codon-anticodon reciprocal…
In eukaryotes, MRNA processing may involve all of the following events except
A. repair of MRNA mutations
B. addition of a 5' cap.
C. addition of a poly A to the 3' end.
D. alternative splicing.
E. removal of introns
During the termination of translation, what is the correct polypeptide sequence which will be released by the ribosome?
5' - AUG - UAU - CUC - UUU - 3' (mRNA codon sequence)
3' - UAC - AUA - GAG - AAA - 5' (tRNA anticodon sequence)
A.START - Tyr - Leu - Phe
B. Tyr - Ile - Glu - Lys
C. START - Ile - Glu - Lys
D. Ser - Tyr - Gly - Cys
Chapter 17 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 17 - a. In what three ways does RNA differ from DNA? b....Ch. 17 - Prob. 2IQCh. 17 - Prob. 3IQCh. 17 - How does the mRNA that leaves the nucleus differ...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5IQCh. 17 - In the following diagrams of polypeptide...Ch. 17 - What determines if a ribosome becomes bound to the...Ch. 17 - Define the following terms and explain what type...Ch. 17 - You have been introduced to several types of RNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2SYK
Ch. 17 - What is the genetic code? Explain redundancy and...Ch. 17 - Prepare a concept map showing the types and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 17 - Transcription involves the transfer of information...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is a statement of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is true of RNA processing?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 17 - What type of bonding is responsible for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 24TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 25TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 26TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 27TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 28TYK
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- In addition to variable sites, the strucutre of a tRNA includes A. Three stem loops with an anticodon in the second loop; acceptor stem where amino acid attaches. B. Accepter stem where the anticodon is located; 3 stem loops with the second loop where the amino acid will attach. C. 3 stem loops with a codon in the second loop; acceptor stem where the amino acid attaches. D. Acceptor stem where the codon is located; 3 stem loops with the second loop where the amino acid will attacharrow_forwardThe primary function of 5' & 3' end mRNA modification is: a. To ensure that phosphorylation of the nucleotides b. Protection from nucleolytic degradation c. Assurance of end joining during nuclear export. d. To activate removal of introns e. All of the above.arrow_forwardThe following diagram illustrates a step in the process of translation. Identify the following elements on the diagram.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the mRNA coding for the peptide trp-met-gly- ser-his? A. 5'GGUGUAUGGUCUUAC-3' B. 5'-CAUUCUGGUAUGUGG-3' C. 5'-UGGAUGGGUUCUCAU-3' D. 3'-UGGAUGGGUUCUCAU-5' E. cannot be determined since the genetic code is degeneratearrow_forwardA principle function of 5' and 3' end modifications of eukaryotic mRNA is: a. to ensure that all nucleotides are phosphorylated b. to protect RNA from nucleolytic degradation c. to guide the removal of introns d. to serve as binding sites for translation release factorsarrow_forwardTranslation can be regulated by a. translational repressors. b. antisense RNA. c. attenuation. d. both a and b.arrow_forward
- During the initiation stage of translation in bacteria, which of the following events occur(s)? a. IF1 and IF3 bind to the 30S subunit. b. The mRNA binds to the 30S subunit and tRNAfMet binds to the start codon in the mRNA. c. IF2 hydrolyzes its GTP and is released; the 50S subunit binds to the 30S subunit. d. All of the above events occur.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are stages of translation? Select all that apply. a.As the ribosome moves from codon to codon, amino acids brought by successive tRNAs to the ribosome form a growing polypeptide. b.A tRNA binds to the second codon and its carried amino acid forms a peptide bond with methionine. c.When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, its subunits detach, and the mRNA and new polypeptide are released. d.Ribosomal subunits and a tRNA carrying methionine converge on the start codon of an mRNA. e.The binding of a tRNA to the third codon causes the ribosome to release the first tRNA and move to the next codon.arrow_forwardThe degeneracy of the Genetic code is due to A. a 1 to 1 correlation between single amino acids and single nucleotides B. The fact that tRNAs can bind to mRNAs at the same time they transfer amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain C. The fact that there is only one start codon D. The fact that the code is non-overlapping E. The fact that more than one codon specifying an amino acid F. None of the abovearrow_forward
- The Kozak rules determine a. the choice of the start codon in complex eukaryotes. b. the choice of the start codon in bacteria. c. the site in the mRNA where translation ends. d. how fast the mRNA is translated.arrow_forwardFollowing is the sequence of a segment of mRNA: CGA AAA GUU UUU What are the anticodons of the tRNAs that will be used for translating this mRNA segment? Group of answer choices a. CGA, AAA, GUU, and UUU b. ARG, LYS, VAL, and PHE c. GCU, UUU, CAA, and AAA d. Arg-Lys-Val-Phe e. GCT, TTT, CAA, and AAAarrow_forwardIn eukaryotic organisms, pre-mRNA transcripts are formed and need to be modified in order to create the mature mRNA destined for translation. Which of the following indicate modifications that occur as part of this process? a. The pre-mRNA is spliced to produce multiple mature mRNAs b. A 3' poly-A tail is attached to the mature mRNA c. A 5' cap is attached to the mature mRNA d. All of the above are ways in which the pre-mRNA is modified to create the mature mRNA e. None of the above are ways in which the pre-mRNA is modified to create the mature mRNAarrow_forward
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