Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 17, Problem 16E
Suppose you are given the task of measuring the colors of the brightest stars, listed in Appendix J, through three filters: the first transmits blue light, the second transmits yellow light, and the third transmits red light. If you observe the star Vega, it will appear equally bright through each of the three filters. Which stars will appear brighter through the blue filter than through the red filter? Which stars will appear brighter through the red filter? Which star is likely to have colors most nearly like those of Vega?
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Astronomers use two basis properties of stars to classify them. These two properties are luminosity and surface temperature. Luminosity usually refers to the brightness of the star relative to the brightness of our sun. Astronomers will often use a star’s color to measure its temperature. Stars with low temperatures produce a reddish light while stars with high temperatures shine with a brilliant blue—white light. Surface temperatures of stars range from 3000o C to 50,000o C. When these surface temperatures are plotted against luminosity, the stars fall into groups. Using the data similar to what you will plot in this activity, Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung and United States astronomer Henry Norris Russell independently arrived at similar results in what is now commonly referred to as the HR Diagram.
Procedures:1. Read the Background Information
2. On the graph paper provided. Place a number next to the star according to its luminosity and surface temperature listed in the data…
Choose the statements that correctly describe the characteristics of the stars
located in the labeled quadrants of the H-R diagram.
Luminosity
"51 Pegasi" is the name of the first normal star (besides the Sun) around which a planet was discovered. It is in the constellation Pegasus the horse. Its parallax is measured to be 0.064 arcsec.
a. What is its distance from us?
b. The apparent brightness is 1.79 × 10-10 J/(s·m2 ). What is the luminosity? How does that compare with that of the Sun? Look up the temperature: how do
Chapter 17 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 17 - What two factors determine how bright a star...Ch. 17 - Explain why color is a measure of a star’s...Ch. 17 - What is the main reason that the spectra of all...Ch. 17 - What elements are stars mostly made of? How do we...Ch. 17 - What did Annie Cannon contribute to the...Ch. 17 - Name five characteristics of a star that can be...Ch. 17 - How do objects of spectral types L, T, and Y...Ch. 17 - Do stars that look brighter in the sky have larger...Ch. 17 - The star Antares has an apparent magnitude of 1.0,...Ch. 17 - Based on their colors, which of the following...
Ch. 17 - Order the seven basic spectral types from hottest...Ch. 17 - What is the defining difference between a brown...Ch. 17 - If the star Sirius emits 23 times more energy than...Ch. 17 - How would two stars of equal luminosity-one blue...Ch. 17 - Table 17.2 lists the temperature ranges that...Ch. 17 - Suppose you are given the task of measuring the...Ch. 17 - Star X has lines of ionized helium in its...Ch. 17 - The spectrum of the Sun has hundreds of strong...Ch. 17 - What are the approximate spectral classes of stars...Ch. 17 - Look at the chemical elements in Appendix K. Can...Ch. 17 - Appendix I lists some of the nearest stars. Are...Ch. 17 - Appendix J lists the stars that appear brightest...Ch. 17 - What star appears the brightest in the sky (other...Ch. 17 - Suppose hominids one million years ago had left...Ch. 17 - Why can only a lower limit to the rate of stellar...Ch. 17 - Why do you think astronomers have suggested three...Ch. 17 - Sam, a college student, just bought a new car....Ch. 17 - Would a red star have a smaller or larger...Ch. 17 - Two stars have proper motions of one arcsecond per...Ch. 17 - Suppose there are three stars in space, each...Ch. 17 - What would you say to a friend who made this...Ch. 17 - In Appendix J, how much more luminous is the most...Ch. 17 - Verify that if two stars have a difference of five...Ch. 17 - As seen from Earth, the Sun has an apparent...Ch. 17 - An astronomer is investigating a faint star that...Ch. 17 - The center of a faint but active galaxy has...Ch. 17 - You have enough information from this chapter to...Ch. 17 - Do the previous problem again, this time using the...Ch. 17 - Star A and Star B have different apparent...Ch. 17 - Star A and Star B have different apparent...Ch. 17 - The star Sirius A has an apparent magnitude of 1.5...Ch. 17 - Our Sun, a type G star, has a surface temperature...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which method would you use to obtain the distance to each of the following? A. An asteroid crossing Earth’s orbit B. A star astronomers believe to be no more than 50 light-years from the Sun C. A tight group of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy that includes a significant number of variable stars D. A star that is not variable but for which you can obtain a clearly defined spectrumarrow_forwardReview this spectral data for five stars. Which is the hottest? Coolest? Most luminous? Least luminous? In each case, give your reasoning.arrow_forwardYou go out stargazing one night, and someone asks you how far away the brightest stars we see in the sky without a telescope are. What would be a good, general response? (Use Appendix J for more information.)arrow_forward
- How would two stars of equal luminosity-one blue and the other red-appear in an image taken through a filter that passes mainly blue light? How would their appearance change in an image taken through a filter that transmits mainly red light?arrow_forwardAs a star runs out of hydrogen to fuel nuclear fusion in its core, changes within the star usually cause it to leave the main sequence, expanding and cooling as it does so. Would a star with a radius 12 times that of the Sun, but a surface temperature 0.5 times that of the Sun, be more, or less luminous than the Sun? Show and explain your reasoning. You may assume the surface area of a sphere is A = 4πr2.arrow_forwardA brand new telescope has been named after you. It is therefore only fitting that you get to make the very first set of observations. During your first night observing, you first measure the apparent brightness and spectrum of a group of stars that appear close to each other within the telescopes field of view. From a separate set of observations 6 months later, you are able to measure each star’s parallax. Next you plot the luminosity and temperature of each star in a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram What features below help you conclude that the group of stars is a star cluster? Explain Approximately how old do you think this star cluster is? Explain How do you expect the spectrum of the most luminous and least luminous main sequence stars in the cluster to differ? Explain why these differences occur in terms of the star’s properties and any measured absorption lines. A year after your discovery, another new star cluster has been found by the same telescope, but its distance is too far…arrow_forward
- How does one go about these questions?arrow_forwardProblem 5. Imagine that you observe a star field twice, with a six-month gap between your observations, and that you see the two sets of stars shown below. Which do you think is closest to the observer? Figure 1: Schematic of image of stars A,B, and P taken six months apart. Problem 6. Suppose the angular separation between stars A and B is 0.5 arcseconds. How far would you estimate star P to lie from the observer?arrow_forwardSuppose there are three stars moving with the same total speed of 40 km/s but in three different directions:(A) moving away at an angle of 45 degrees from your line of sight, (B) moving directly away from you, (C) moving perpendicular to your line of sight. List the stars in order of increasing amount of shift you see in their spectral lines (the smallest shift first).arrow_forward
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