Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 3RE
RECALL Name which, if any, of the following groups are not aldose–ketose pairs: D-ribose and D-ribulose, D-glucose and D- fructose, D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.
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Cyclic forms of D-glucose: Haworth formula
The furanose and pyranose forms of D-glucose can be presented using Haworth formula. The following
templates are used for this formula. Note the numbering of the carbon atoms and the anomeric carbon
(this carbon defines the alpha and beta isomer).
Furanose template (furan)
Pyranose template (pyran)
anomeric carbon
anomeric carbon
Compare the Fisher and Haworth formula of D-glucofuranose and D-glucopyranose. Notice that the
groups attached to C-1, C-2, and C-3 on the left side of the Fisher formula are written above the plane
of the furanose template.
Fisher formula
Haworth formula
H FOH
H-2
HOH,č 5
-OH
FOH-
H
HO-3H
4
он
H
1
H-4
H-5
H
OH
3
6 CH2OH
H
OH
Alpha-D-glucofuranose
Alpha-D-glucofuranose
HOH2C-
он
OH
но
H
FOH-
OH
Но
H
H.
OH
H
ČH2OH
Beta-D-glucofuranose
Beta-D-glucofuranose
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 16 - RECALL Define the following terms: polysaccharide,...Ch. 16 - RECALL Name which, if any, of the following are...Ch. 16 - RECALL Name which, if any, of the following groups...Ch. 16 - RECALL What is the difference between an...Ch. 16 - RECALL How many possible epimers of D-glucose...Ch. 16 - RECALL Why are furanoses and pyranoses the most...Ch. 16 - RECALL How many chiral centers are there in the...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Following are Fischer...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY The sugar alcohol often used in...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Consider the structures of...
Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Two sugars are epimers of each...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY How does the cyclization of...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Convert the following Haworth...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Convert each of the following...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Starting with a Fischer...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Starting with the open-chain...Ch. 16 - RECALL What is unusual about the structure of...Ch. 16 - RECALL What is the chemical difference between a...Ch. 16 - RECALL Define the term reducing sugar.Ch. 16 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS What are the structural...Ch. 16 - RECALL Name two differences between sucrose and...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Draw a Haworth projection for...Ch. 16 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS What is the metabolic...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Draw Haworth projection formulas...Ch. 16 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS A friend asks you why some...Ch. 16 - RECALL What are some of the main differences...Ch. 16 - RECALL How does chitin differ from cellulose in...Ch. 16 - RECALL How does glycogen differ from starch in...Ch. 16 - RECALL What is the main structural difference...Ch. 16 - RECALL What is the main structural difference...Ch. 16 - RECALL How do the cell walls of bacteria differ...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Pectin, which occurs in plant...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Advertisements for a food...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Explain how the minor structural...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY All naturally occurring...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY An amylose chain is 5000 glucose...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Suppose that a polymer of...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Glycogen is highly branched....Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY No animal can digest cellulose....Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY How does the presence of -bonds...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY How do the sites of cleavage of...Ch. 16 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS What is the benefit of...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY How would you expect the active...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would you expect cross-linking...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Compare the information in the...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it advantageous that...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is the polysaccharide chitin...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Could bacterial cell walls...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Some athletes eat diets high in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 50RECh. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Blood samples for research or...Ch. 16 - REFLECT AND APPLY Based on what you know about...Ch. 16 - RECALL What are glycoproteins? What are some of...Ch. 16 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS Briefly indicate the role...
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- RECALL Name which, if any, of the following are epimers of D-glucose: D-mannose, D-galactose, D-ribose.arrow_forwardRECALL Match each entry in Column a with one in Column b; Column a shows the names of some important functional groups, and Column b shows their structures. Column a Column b Amino group CH3SH Carbonyl group (ketone) CH3CH=CHCH3 Hydroxyl group Carboxyl group CH3CH2NH2 Carbonyl group (aldehyde) Thiol group CH3CH2OCH2CH3 Ester linkage Double bond Amide linkage CH3OH Etherarrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Starting with a Fischer projection of D-fructose, write equations showing the formation of -D-fructopyranose, -D-fructofuranose, -D-fructopyranose, and -D-fructofuranose.arrow_forward
- RECALL Define the following terms: polysaccharide, furanose, pyranose, aldose, ketose, glycosidic bond, oligosaccharide, glycoprotein.arrow_forwardRECALL For each of the following, name an amino acid in which the R group contains it: a hydroxyl group, a sulfur atom, a second chiral carbon atom, an amino group, an amide group, an acid group, an aromatic ring, and a branched side chain.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Why might some food companies find it economically advantageous to advertise their product (for example, triacylglycerols) as being composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids with trans-double bonds?arrow_forward
- RECALL Describe the various purposes of the citric acid cycle.arrow_forwardRECALL How many chiral centers are there in the open-chain form of glucose? In the cyclic form?arrow_forwardRECALL Identify the conjugate acids and bases in the following pairs of substances: (a) (CH3)3NH+/(CH3)3N (b) +H3NCH2COOH/+H3NCH2COO (c) +H3NCH2COO/H2NCH2COO (d) OOCCH2COOH/OOCCH2COO (e) OOCCH2COOH/HOOCCH2COOHarrow_forward
- RECALL What is the source of the glycerol in triacylglycerol synthesis?arrow_forwardRECALL A cholesterol sample is prepared using acetyl-CoA labeled with 14C at the carboxyl group as precursor. Which carbon atoms of cholesterol are labeled?arrow_forwardRECALL Is the term KM used with allosteric enzymes? What about competitive and noncompetitive inhibition? Explain.arrow_forward
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