Concept explainers
REFLECT AND APPLY Draw Haworth projection formulas for dimers of glucose with the following types of glycosidic linkages:
(a) A
(b) An
(c) A
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Biochemistry
- REFLECT AND APPLY A researcher claims to have discovered a variant form of glycogen. The variation is that it has very few branches (every 50 glucose residues or so) and that the branches are only three residues long. Is it likely that this discovery will be confirmed by later work?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY An amylose chain is 5000 glucose units long. At how many places must it be cleaved to reduce the average length to 2500 units? To 1000 units? To 200 units? What percentage of the glycosidic links are hydrolyzed in each case? (Even partial hydrolysis can drastically alter the physical properties of polysaccharides and thus affect their structural role in organisms.)arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY You are in the process of determining the amino acid sequence of a protein and must reconcile contradictory results. In one trial, you determine a sequence with glycine as the N-terminal amino acid and asparagine as the C-terminal amino acid. In another trial, your results indicate phenylalanine as the N-terminal amino acid and alanine as the C-terminal amino acid. How do you reconcile this apparent contradiction?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Would you expect cross-linking to play a role in the structure of polysaccharides? If so, how would the cross-links be formed?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The enzyme D-amino acid oxidase has a very high turnover number because the D-amino acids are potentially toxic. The KM for the enzyme is in the range of 1 to 2 mM for the aromatic amino acids and in the range of 15 to 20 mM for such amino acids as serine, alanine, and the acidic amino acids. Which of these amino acids are the preferred substrates for the enzyme?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Consider the structures of arabinose and ribose. Explain why nucleotide derivatives of arabinose, such as ara-C and ara-A, are effective metabolic poisons.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY In lipid bilayers, there is an orderdisorder transition similar to the melting of a crystal. In a lipid bilayer in which most of the fatty acids are unsaturated, would you expect this transition to occur at a higher temperature, a lower temperature, or the same temperature as it would in a lipid bilayer in which most of the fatty acids are saturated? Why?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Comment on the energetics of protein folding in light of the information in this chapter.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY How does the presence of -bonds versus - bonds influence the digestibility of glucose polymers by humans? Hint: There are two effects.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Following are Fischer projections for a group of five-carbon sugars, all of which are aldopentoses. Identify the pairs that are enantiomers and the pairs that are epimers. (The sugars shown here are not all of the possible five-carbon sugars.)arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The process of protein folding is spontaneous in the thermodynamic sense. It gives rise to a highly ordered conformation that has a lower entropy than the unfolded protein. How can this be?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY How does the cyclization of sugars introduce a new chiral center?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning