
(a)
Interpretation:The molecule with highest boiling point out of
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
The order of strength of forces can be shown as:
London dispersion force < dipole-dipole force < Ion-dipole force
(a)

Answer to Problem 18E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge. The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces.
As the intermolecular forces become stronger, the boiling point increases because more energy is required to break the forces between molecules.
All the given molecules are non-polar due to symmetrical geometry and have London dispersion forces. Since the strength of force increases with increase in molar mass therefore
(b)
Interpretation:The molecule with lowest freezing point out of
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
The order of strength of forces can be shown as:
London dispersion force < dipole-dipole force < Ion-dipole force
(b)

Answer to Problem 18E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge. The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces.
As the intermolecular forces become stronger, the freezing point increases because more energy is required to melt the forces between molecules. In the given molecules,
LiF is ionic compound and HCl has dipole-dipole interactions thus
(c)
Interpretation:The molecule with lowest vapor pressure at 25°C of
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
The order of strength of forces can be shown as:
London dispersion force < dipole-dipole force < Ion-dipole force
(c)

Answer to Problem 18E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge. The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces.
In the given molecules,
(d)
Interpretation:The molecule with greatestviscosity out of
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
The order of strength of forces can be shown as:
London dispersion force < dipole-dipole force < Ion-dipole force
(d)

Answer to Problem 18E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge. The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces.
As the intermolecular forces become stronger, the boiling point increases because more energy is required to break the forces between molecules.
As the strength of intermolecular forces increases, the viscosity increases as the molecules come closer to each other. Since HF molecules have strongest hydrogen bond between molecule compare to
(e)
Interpretation:The molecule with greatest heat of vaporization out of
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
The order of strength of forces can be shown as:
London dispersion force < dipole-dipole force < Ion-dipole force
(e)

Answer to Problem 18E
In the given molecules,
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge. The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces.
As the intermolecular forces become stronger, the boiling point increases because more energy is required to break the forces between molecules.
The enthalpy of vaporization also increases with increase in molar mass and strength intermolecular forces. In the given molecules,
(f)
Interpretation:The molecule with smallest enthalpy of fusion out of
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
The order of strength of forces can be shown as:
London dispersion force < dipole-dipole force < Ion-dipole force
(f)

Answer to Problem 18E
In the given molecules,
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge. The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces.
As the intermolecular forces become stronger, the boiling point increases because more energy is required to break the forces between molecules.
The enthalpy of fusion also increases with increase in molar mass and strength intermolecular forces. In the given molecules,
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Chapter 16 Solutions
EBK CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
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