
(a)
Interpretation:Theinter-particle force present in the solid Ar needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types;
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(a)

Answer to Problem 15E
Argon molecules have only London forces between molecules.
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements, whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
Argon is a monoatomic molecule as it is a Noble gas, therefore, it has only London forces between particles.
(b)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid HCl needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(b)

Answer to Problem 15E
HCl molecules have dipole-dipole and London forces.
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions, whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
HCl is a dipole molecule as Cl is more electronegative than H in the molecule. Therefore HCl molecules have dipole-dipole and London forces.
(c)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid HF needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(c)

Answer to Problem 15E
HCl molecules have hydrogen bond and London forces.
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
HF is a dipole molecule as F is more electronegative than H in the molecule. Since F is the most electronegative element therefore it can for Hydrogen bonding with other HF molecule. Overall, HF molecules have hydrogen bonding and London forces.
(d)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(d)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
(e)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(e)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
(f)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(f)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
(g)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(g)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
(h)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(h)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
(i)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid Teflon
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(i)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
Although
(k)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(k)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
(l)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(l)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
(m)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(m)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
(n)
Interpretation:The inter-particle force present in the solid
Concept Introduction:
Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:
- London dispersion force
- Hydrogen bond
- Dipole-dipole bond
- Ion-dipole bond
(n)

Answer to Problem 15E
Explanation of Solution
The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist between two electronegative elements whereas H atom acts as bridge.
The London dispersion forces exist between two non-polar molecules and are the weakest forces. As the molecular size increases, the strength of London forces also increases.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
EBK CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
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