
(a)
Interpretation: The formula of the four superconductors needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: The superconductor is a substance which is capable of superconducting at very low temperature values.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The given structures are as follows:
By considering the color code for spheres, the number of atoms of each element can be counted.
It can be observed that in molecule (a) there is 1 Tl, 2 Ba, 1 Cu and 5 O atoms in 1unit. Thus, the formula of the molecule will be:
Similarly, the atoms in molecule (b) are 1 Tl, 2 Ba, 1 Ca, 1 Cu and 7 O in 1unit. Thus, the formula will be:
The structure (c) contains 1 Tl, 2 Ba, 2 Ca, 3 Cu and 9 O atoms in 1unit. The formula will be:
Similarly, the structure (d) has 1 Tl, 2 Ba, 2 Ca, 4 Cu and 11 O atoms in 1unit thus, the molecular formula will be:
(b)
Interpretation: The four structures needs to be ordered from lowest to highest superconducting temperature.
Concept introduction: The number of sheets in the unit cell is directly proportional to the temperature for the superconductivity.
(b)

Explanation of Solution
If the number of sheets in each unit cell increases, the temperature for the superconductivity increases. The number of sheets in the structure (a) is less then (b) which is further less than (c) and (d). Thus, the increasing order of the superconductivity for 4 structures will be as follows:
(c)
Interpretation: The oxidation state needs to be assigned to Cu in each mixture. It is assumed that the oxidation state of Tl is +3. Also, the oxidation state of Ca, Ba, O is +2, +2 and -2 respectively.
Concept Introduction: The oxidation state of any atom in the molecule is equal to the charge on it. It can be calculated if oxidation state of all the other atoms is given.
For example, the molecule H2O2 is neutral. The oxidation state of H is +1 (general) thus, the oxidation state of O can be calculated as follows:
Thus, the oxidation state of O in H2O2 is -1.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The oxidation state of Cu in structure can be calculated by taking the overall charge on the molecule equal to zero.
The oxidation state of Tl, Ca, Ba and O is assumed +3, +2, +2 and -2 respectively.
For
Thus, the oxidation state of Cu in molecule (a) is +3.
For
There are 2 Cu atoms, thus, there is a mixed oxidation state one is
For
Thus, copper has mixed oxidation state that is 1
For
There will be one
(d)
Interpretation: The reason for the copper to display a mixture of oxidation states in the superconductor needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: The superconductor is a substance which is capable of superconducting at very low temperature values.
(d)

Explanation of Solution
There are variable oxidation states of copper due to varying the numbers of Ca, Cu and O atoms in each unit cell. The different oxidation states of Cu are calculated for molecules (b), (c) and (d). In the other superconductor in exercise 79, in YBa2Cu3O7, there is variable oxidation state of copper by omitting oxygen atom at various sites in the lattice.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 16 Solutions
EBK CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
- What is the stepwise mechanism for this reaction?arrow_forward32. Consider a two-state system in which the low energy level is 300 J mol 1 and the higher energy level is 800 J mol 1, and the temperature is 300 K. Find the population of each level. Hint: Pay attention to your units. A. What is the partition function for this system? B. What are the populations of each level? Now instead, consider a system with energy levels of 0 J mol C. Now what is the partition function? D. And what are the populations of the two levels? E. Finally, repeat the second calculation at 500 K. and 500 J mol 1 at 300 K. F. What do you notice about the populations as you increase the temperature? At what temperature would you expect the states to have equal populations?arrow_forward30. We will derive the forms of the molecular partition functions for atoms and molecules shortly in class, but the partition function that describes the translational and rotational motion of a homonuclear diatomic molecule is given by Itrans (V,T) = = 2πmkBT h² V grot (T) 4π²IKBT h² Where h is Planck's constant and I is molecular moment of inertia. The overall partition function is qmolec Qtrans qrot. Find the energy, enthalpy, entropy, and Helmholtz free energy for the translational and rotational modes of 1 mole of oxygen molecules and 1 mole of iodine molecules at 50 K and at 300 K and with a volume of 1 m³. Here is some useful data: Moment of inertia: I2 I 7.46 x 10- 45 kg m² 2 O2 I 1.91 x 101 -46 kg m²arrow_forward
- K for each reaction step. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. HI HaC Drawing Arrows! H3C OCH3 H 4 59°F Mostly sunny H CH3 HO O CH3 'C' CH3 Select to Add Arrows CH3 1 L H&C. OCH3 H H H H Select to Add Arrows Q Search Problem 30 of 20 H. H3C + :0: H CH3 CH3 20 H2C Undo Reset Done DELLarrow_forwardDraw the principal organic product of the following reaction.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided structures, draw the curved arrows that epict the mechanistic steps for the proton transfer between a hydronium ion and a pi bond. Draw any missing organic structures in the empty boxes. Be sure to account for all lone-pairs and charges as well as bond-breaking and bond-making steps. 2 56°F Mostly cloudy F1 Drawing Arrows > Q Search F2 F3 F4 ▷11 H. H : CI: H + Undo Reset Done DELLarrow_forward
- Calculate the chemical shifts in 13C and 1H NMR for 4-chloropropiophenone ? Write structure and label hydrogens and carbons. Draw out the benzene ring structure when doing itarrow_forward1) Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths in the Lyman and Paschen series. 2) Calculate the ionization energy of He* and L2+ ions in their ground states. 3) Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron emitted upon irradiation of a H-atom in ground state by a 50-nm radiation.arrow_forwardCalculate the ionization energy of He+ and Li²+ ions in their ground states. Thannnxxxxx sirrr Ahehehehehejh27278283-4;*; shebehebbw $+$;$-;$-28283773838 hahhehdvaarrow_forward
- Plleeaasseee solllveeee question 3 andd thankss sirr, don't solve it by AI plleeaasseee don't use AIarrow_forwardCalculate the chemical shifts in 13C and 1H NMR for 4-chloropropiophenone ? Write structure and label hydrogens and carbonsarrow_forwardPlease sirrr soollveee these parts pleaseeee and thank youuuuuarrow_forward
- Physical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning





