Chapter 16, Problem 16.7EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

Answer to Problem 16.7EP

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$ bond is polar.

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is not a carbon atom.  It is a nitrogen atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and nitrogen atom, the bond between carbon and nitrogen will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

Conclusion

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

Answer to Problem 16.7EP

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$ bond is nonpolar.

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is a carbon atom.  As there is no polarity difference between carbon and carbon atom, the bond between carbon and carbon will be nonpolar.  This can be shown as given below,

Conclusion

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

Answer to Problem 16.7EP

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$ bond is polar.

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is an oxygen atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and oxygen atom, the bond between carbon and oxygen will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

Conclusion

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

Answer to Problem 16.7EP

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$ bond is polar.

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is an oxygen atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and oxygen atom, the bond between carbon and oxygen will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

Conclusion

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond is polar or not is indicated.