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Primary and global quantum yields in photochemistry. Define them and give their formulas. Differentiate between them.
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- 19 Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds is an important industrial process. Calculate (in kJ) the standard enthalpy change ΔH° for the hydrogenation of ethyne (acetylene) to ethane using average bond enthalpies (use exam data sheet values). H–C≡C–H(g) + 2H2(g) → H3C–CH3(g)4. Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution in the troposphere of our planet produced when sunlight acts upon motor vehicle exhaust gases to form harmful substances such as ozone (O3). For example, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with atmospheric oxygen (O2) in the presence of light to produce ozone (O3) and nitrogen monoxide (NO).Part 1.) 4NH3 (g) +502 (g) - -- > 4 NO (g) 6H2O (g)Write the formation reactions for the compounds shown and their enthalpy of formation values. NO is already provided. rxn 1: -- 1/2 N2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) > NO ( g) delta H fNO = ?, rxn 2: N2 (g) + H2 (g) - - > NH3 (g) delta HfNH 3 = ?, rxn 3: H2(g) + O2 (g) - > H 20 (g) delta H fH2O = ? In the delta sheet given I found deltaHf NO +91.3 kJ/mol, deltaHfNH3 = 45.9 kJ/mol, deltaHfH2O -241.8 kJ/mol. Part 2.) Using these three formation reactions (rxn) determine the enthalpy of the rxn. deltaHrxn using Hess's law.
- The sun supplies energy at a rate of about 1.0 kilowatt per square meter of surface area (1 watt = 1 J/s). The plants in an agricultural field produce the equivalent of 21 kg of sucrose (C12 H22 O11) per hour per hectare (1 ha = 10,000 m Assuming that sucrose is produced by the reaction m²). 12CO2 (9) + 11H2O(1) → C12H22O11(s) + 120O2(g) AH=5640 kJ calculate the percentage of sunlight used to produce the sucrose – that is, determine the efficiency of photosynthesis in this field. Percent efficiencyUsing the table of average bond dissociation enthalpies at 25°C, determine which of the following reactions are energetically favorable at room temperature. Assume that ▲S = 0.Use the indicated average bond enthalpies to estimate the change in enthalpy, ΔHo, for the reaction between methane and iodine to produce iodomethane and hydrogen iodide: CH4(g) + I2(g) → CH3I(g) + HI(g) ΔHo = ? It may be helpful to draw the Lewis electron dot structure for each reactant and product; all reactants and products have single bonds. average bond enthalpies (kJ) C - H 413 , C - I 240 , H - I 299 , I - I 151 Express your answer in units of kilojoules, but do not include the units on your submitted answer.
- Used widely prior to the end of the 20th Century, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS for short) were widely used as refrigerants for both industrial and household applications. One CFC, called Freon-11 (fluorotrichloromethane) is an organic compound that has been classified as an ozone depleting substance owing to its propensity to break down via a free radical process. It has a chemical formula of CFCl. Carefully examine the structural diagram of Freon-11 then click on its MOST polar bond. F C. CI CI CI Selected Coordinates Clear «< Question 20 of 29 8 9. 11 delete U 11 K M3. Why are radical reactions typically performed in the absence of oxygen?Please don't provide handwritten solution ....
- A styrofoam cup was analyzed in a lab and found to contain 92% by mass carbon. How much carbon can be found in a stack of polystyrene cups with a total mass of 569 grams?Explain the difference in the efficiencies of the fuels you tested based on the chemical structures of the fuels.Much of the U.S. electricity is generated in thermal generating stations that burn fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. The use of solar-powered generating stations is expected to increase over the next decade and replace older fossil-fuel generating stations. What impact might this change have on greenhouse gas emissions?





