Used widely prior to the end of the 20th Century, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS for short) were widely used as refrigerants for both industrial and household applications. One CFC, called Freon-11 (fluorotrichloromethane) is an organic compound that has been classified as an ozone depleting substance owing to its propensity to break down via a free radical process. It has a chemical formula of CFCh. Carefully examine the structural diagram of Freon-11 then click on its MOST polar bond. F C. CI CI Selected Coordinates Clear Question 20 of 29

Used widely prior to the end of the 20th Century, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS for short) were widely used as refrigerants for both industrial and household applications. One CFC, called Freon-11 (fluorotrichloromethane) is an organic compound that has been classified as an ozone depleting substance owing to its propensity to break down via a free radical process. It has a chemical formula of CFCh. Carefully examine the structural diagram of Freon-11 then click on its MOST polar bond. F C. CI CI Selected Coordinates Clear Question 20 of 29

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter11: Chemical Kinetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11.72PAE

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The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)ΔH∘rxn=−122.8 kJ(2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)ΔH∘rxn=−285.3 kJ(3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) ΔH∘rxn= ?(1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)ΔHrxn°=−122.8 kJ(2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)ΔHrxn°=−285.3 kJ(3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) ΔHrxn°= ? ΔH∘rxn=ΔHrxn°=__________________________________________kJ
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1) C10(g) + O₂(g) → Cl(g) +20₂(g) AH (2) 20,(g) →30₂(g) (3) 0₂(g) + Cl(g) → CIO(g) + O₂(g) Allis= = -122.8 kJ AH = -285.3 kJ AHin = ? kJ
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1) CIO(g) + 0;(g) Cl(g) + 20,(g) AHxn = -122.8 kJ AHan = -285.3 kJ (2) 203(g) → 30,(g) (3) 0,(g) + Cl(g) → CIO(g) + 0,(g) AHn = ?
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1) C10(g) + 0,(g) - (2) 20;(g) (3) 0,(g) + Cl(g) → ClO(g) + 0, (g) Cl(g) + 2 0,(g) AH³xn -122.8 kJ > = → 30,(g) AHixn = -285.3 kJ → ClO(g) + 0,(g) AHixn = ? kJ rxn
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1) CIO(g) + 0,(g) → Cl(g) + 20,(g) AH;xn = –122.8 kJ (2) 20,(g) → 30,(g) 0,(g)+Cl(g) → CIO(g) + 0,(g) AHn = -285.3 kJ (3) AĦxn = ? AHixn = kJ
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. CIO(g) + O3(g) -> Cl(g) +202(g) AHxn = -122.8 kJ (1) (2) 203(g) - - 302(g) AHxn=-285.3 kJ (3) 03(g) + Cl(g) - CIO(g) + O2(g) AHixn= ? AHixn= kJ
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)Δ?∘rxn=−122.8 kJ(2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)Δ?∘rxn=−285.3 kJ(3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) Δ?∘rxn= ?(1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)ΔHrxn°=−122.8 kJ(2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)ΔHrxn°=−285.3 kJ(3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) ΔHrxn°= ? Δ?∘rxn=ΔHrxn°=
Free Cl atoms are able to react with ozone in a catalytic cycle that converts O3 into the more stable O2. It is estimated that a single Cl atom is able to react with∼100000 O3molecules. Although CFCs production was banned in 1996, there are still a substantial numberof motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs) that use CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) as refrigerant.The average CFC-12 emission rate from operating MVACs has been estimated to be 59.5 mg per hour per vehicle How much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere in a year due to 100 million MVACs using CFC-12 as refrigerant? would like an in depth explanation so I can solve future ones like this, thanks.
O Macmillan Learning The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1) CIO(g) + 03 (g) → Cl(g) + 2O₂(g) (2) 203(g) 30₂(g) (3) 03(g) + Cl(g) →→→ ClO(g) + O₂(g) ▲Hixn = AHxn ▲Hixn AHixn = = -122.8 kJ = -285.3 kJ = ? kJ
The overall reaction of hydroxide radical with hydrogen gas occurs as follows: Part A OH (g) + H2(g) → H20(g) + H’(g) This reaction plays a significant role in the chemistry of the earth's atmosphere by eventually converting OH to HO2 through the subsequent reaction of H with O2. HO2 is involved in the destruction of stratospheric ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A, 2006, 110, 6978). Determine the activation energy for the reaction of OH with H, reaction. -115 kJ mol-1 O -16.6 kJ mol-1 The rate constants for the reaction of OH with H2 were found to be 2.38×107 L mol-1 s-1 at 127. °C and 8.88×106 115 kJ mol-1 L mol-1 s-1 at 61. °C. O 95.9 kJ mol-1 O 16.6 kJ mol-1
(a) Ethanol, C2H5OH, can be made from glucose, C6H12O6 (i) Write an equation to represent this reaction. ...........…………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Give the name of this process for making ethanol. ...........…………………………………………………………………………. (b) Ethanol can be used as a fuel in the internal combustion engine of a motor car. (i) Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethanol. ...........…………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Identify a pollutant produced when ethanol is burned in a limited supply of air. ...........…………………………………………………………………………. (iii) Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is a pollutant gas produced by motor cars. Write an equation to represent a reaction occurring in the catalytic converter which decreases the amount of this pollutant. ...........…………………………………………………………………………. (c) Ethene can be formed by the dehydration of ethanol using concentrated sulphuric acid.Name a mechanism for this reaction. Name of mechanism…
Be sure to answer all parts. Nitric oxide occurs in the tropospheric nitrogen cycle, but it destroys ozone in the stratosphere. (a) Write equations for its reaction with ozone and for the reverse reaction. Include the physical states of the reactants and products. Forward reaction: Reverse reaction: (b) Given that the forward and reverse steps are first order in each component, write general rate laws for them. Let kç be the rate constant of the forward reaction and k. the rate constant of the reverse reaction. Forward rate law: Rate= kf Reverse rate law: Rate, = k, (c) Calculate AG for the forward reaction at 280. K, the average temperature in the stratosphere. (Assume that the AH and S values do not change with temperature.) kJ