Chapter 16, Problem 16.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Chemical equation for the conversion of given carboxylic acid salt to its parent carboxylic acid using $\text{HCl}$ has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic.  Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization.  Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed.  Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.  Similar to carboxylic acid it reacts with strong base to form carboxylic acid salt and water.

Carboxylic acid salts when treated with a strong acid produces carboxylic acid as the product.

Carboxylic acid forms carboxylic acid salt by reacting with a strong base.  The general reaction scheme for the formation of carboxylic acid salt is given as shown below,

The reverse of the above reaction is conversion of carboxylic acid salt to carboxylic acid.  This is accomplished by using strong acid.  The scheme is shown below,

From the above chemical equation it is found that the carboxylic acid salt reacts with strong acid to form carboxylic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given carboxylic acid salt is sodium butanoate.  The structure of sodium butanoate can be given as shown below,

Carboxylic acid sat is converted to carboxylic acid by reaction with strong acid.  In the problem statement it is given that the strong acid is $\text{HCl}$.  Sodium butanoate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives butanoic acid as product.  The chemical equation for the reaction can be given as,

Conclusion

Chemical equation for the conversion of given carboxylic acid salt to carboxylic acid using hydrochloric acid is written.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Chemical equation for the conversion of given carboxylic acid salt to its parent carboxylic acid using $\text{HCl}$ has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic.  Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization.  Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed.  Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.  Similar to carboxylic acid it reacts with strong base to form carboxylic acid salt and water.

Carboxylic acid salts when treated with a strong acid produces carboxylic acid as the product.

Carboxylic acid forms carboxylic acid salt by reacting with a strong base.  The general reaction scheme for the formation of carboxylic acid salt is given as shown below,

The reverse of the above reaction is conversion of carboxylic acid salt to carboxylic acid.  This is accomplished by using strong acid.  The scheme is shown below,

From the above chemical equation it is found that the carboxylic acid salt reacts with strong acid to form carboxylic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given carboxylic acid salt is potassium oxalate.  The structure of potassium oxalate can be given as shown below,

Carboxylic acid sat is converted to carboxylic acid by reaction with strong acid.  In the problem statement it is given that the strong acid is $\text{HCl}$.  Potassium oxalate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives oxalic acid as product.  The chemical equation for the reaction can be given as,

Conclusion

Chemical equation for the conversion of given carboxylic acid salt to carboxylic acid using hydrochloric acid is written.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Chemical equation for the conversion of given carboxylic acid salt to its parent carboxylic acid using $\text{HCl}$ has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic.  Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization.  Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed.  Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.  Similar to carboxylic acid it reacts with strong base to form carboxylic acid salt and water.

Carboxylic acid salts when treated with a strong acid produces carboxylic acid as the product.

Carboxylic acid forms carboxylic acid salt by reacting with a strong base.  The general reaction scheme for the formation of carboxylic acid salt is given as shown below,

The reverse of the above reaction is conversion of carboxylic acid salt to carboxylic acid.  This is accomplished by using strong acid.  The scheme is shown below,

From the above chemical equation it is found that the carboxylic acid salt reacts with strong acid to form carboxylic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given carboxylic acid salt is calcium malonate.  The structure of calcium malonate can be given as shown below,

Carboxylic acid sat is converted to carboxylic acid by reaction with strong acid.  In the problem statement it is given that the strong acid is $\text{HCl}$.  Calcium malonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives malonic acid as product.  The chemical equation for the reaction can be given as,

Conclusion

Chemical equation for the conversion of given carboxylic acid salt to carboxylic acid using hydrochloric acid is written.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Chemical equation for the conversion of given carboxylic acid salt to its parent carboxylic acid using $\text{HCl}$ has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic.  Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization.  Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed.  Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.  Similar to carboxylic acid it reacts with strong base to form carboxylic acid salt and water.

Carboxylic acid salts when treated with a strong acid produces carboxylic acid as the product.

Carboxylic acid forms carboxylic acid salt by reacting with a strong base.  The general reaction scheme for the formation of carboxylic acid salt is given as shown below,

The reverse of the above reaction is conversion of carboxylic acid salt to carboxylic acid.  This is accomplished by using strong acid.  The scheme is shown below,

From the above chemical equation it is found that the carboxylic acid salt reacts with strong acid to form carboxylic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given carboxylic acid salt is sodium benzoate.  The structure of sodium benzoate can be given as shown below,

Carboxylic acid sat is converted to carboxylic acid by reaction with strong acid.  In the problem statement it is given that the strong acid is $\text{HCl}$.  Sodium benzoate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives benzoic acid as product.  The chemical equation for the reaction can be given as,

Conclusion

Chemical equation for the conversion of given carboxylic acid salt to carboxylic acid using hydrochloric acid is written.