Chapter 16, Problem 16.69SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In case of a spontaneous reaction having positive $\Delta H$ and $\Delta S$ or negative $\Delta H$ and $\Delta S$, the factor that determines the direction of the reaction has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

• Second law of Thermodynamics is stated as follows,

“ In any spontaneous process Entropy of the Universe always increases.”

• Entropy of the universe is referred as total entropy which is the sum of entropy of the system and entropy of surroundings. 

$\Delta S_{total}=\Delta {\text{S}}_{sys}+\Delta S_{surr}$

Change in entropy, change in enthalpy and change in free energy are related to each other as,

$\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S$