General Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809261
Author: John E. McMurry, Robert C. Fay
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16.7, Problem 16.9CP
What are the signs (+, –, or 0) of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for the following spontaneous reaction of A atoms (red) and B atoms (blue)?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 16.1 - Predicting the Sign of S Predict the sign of S in...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2PCh. 16.2 - Prob. 16.3CPCh. 16.3 - Which state has the higher entropy? Explain in...Ch. 16.5 - Calculate the standard entropy of reaction at 25C...Ch. 16.6 - By determining the sign of Stotal, show whether...Ch. 16.7 - Consider the decomposition of gaseous N2O4:...Ch. 16.7 - The following data apply to the vaporization of...Ch. 16.7 - What are the signs (+, , or 0) of H, S, and G for...Ch. 16.8 - Consider the thermal decomposition of calcium...
Ch. 16.8 - Consider the following endothermic decomposition...Ch. 16.9 - (a)Using values of Gf in Appendix B, calculate the...Ch. 16.10 - Calculate G for the formation of ethylene (C2H4)...Ch. 16.10 - Consider the following gas-phase reaction of A2...Ch. 16.11 - Given the data in Appendix B, calculate Kp at 25 C...Ch. 16.11 - Use the data in Appendix B to calculate the vapor...Ch. 16.11 - At 25 C, Kw for the dissociation of water is 1.0 ...Ch. 16.11 - Prob. 16.18PCh. 16.11 - Prob. 16.19PCh. 16 - Ideal gases A (red spheres) and B (blue spheres)...Ch. 16 - What are the signs (+, , or 0) of H, S, and G for...Ch. 16 - What are the signs (+, , or 0) of H, S, and G for...Ch. 16 - An ideal gas is compressed at constant...Ch. 16 - Consider the following spontaneous reaction of A2...Ch. 16 - Consider the dissociation reactionA2(g)2A(g). The...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.26CPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.27CPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.28CPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.29CPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.30SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.31SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.32SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.33SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.34SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.35SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.36SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.37SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.38SPCh. 16 - Predict the sign of S for each process in Problem...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.40SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.41SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.42SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.43SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.44SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.45SPCh. 16 - Which state in each of the following pairs has the...Ch. 16 - Which State in each of the following pairs has the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.48SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.49SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.50SPCh. 16 - Which substance in each of the following pairs...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.52SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.53SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.54SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.55SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.56SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.57SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.58SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.59SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.60SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.61SPCh. 16 - In lightning storms, oxygen is converted to ozone:...Ch. 16 - Sulfur dioxide emitted from coal-fired power...Ch. 16 - Elemental mercury can be produced from its oxide:...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.65SPCh. 16 - For the vaporization of benzene, Hvap = 30.7kJ/mol...Ch. 16 - For the melting of sodium chloride, Hfusion =...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.68SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.69SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.70SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.71SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.72SPCh. 16 - Given the data in Problem 16.67, calculate G for...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.74SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.75SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.76SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.77SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.78SPCh. 16 - Use the data in Appendix B to calculate H and S...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.80SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.81SPCh. 16 - Use the data in Appendix B to tell which of the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.83SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.84SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.85SPCh. 16 - Ethanol is manufactured in industry by the...Ch. 16 - Sulfur dioxide in the effluent gases from...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.88SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.89SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.90SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.91SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.92SPCh. 16 - What is G for the formation of solid uranium...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.94SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.95SPCh. 16 - What is the relationship between the standard...Ch. 16 - What is the relationship between the standard...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.98SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.99SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.100SPCh. 16 - At 25 C, Ka for acid dissociation of aspirin...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.102SPCh. 16 - Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of...Ch. 16 - Ethylene oxide, C2H4O, is used to make antifreeze...Ch. 16 - The first step in the commercial production of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.106CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.107CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.108CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.109CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.110CHPCh. 16 - The standard free-energy change at 25 C for the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.112CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.113CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.114CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.115CHPCh. 16 - Use the data in Appendix B to calculate H, S, and...Ch. 16 - Troutons rule says that the ratio of the molar...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.118CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.119CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.120CHPCh. 16 - Use the data in Appendix B to calculate the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.122CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.123CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.124CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.125CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.126CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.127CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.128CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.129CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.130CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.131CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.132CHPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.133MPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.134MPCh. 16 - One step in the commercial synthesis of sulfuric...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.136MPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.137MPCh. 16 - A 1.00 L volume of gaseous ammonia at 25.0 C and...Ch. 16 - Consider the unbalanced equation:...Ch. 16 - A mixture of NO2 and N2O4, each at an initial...
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- When solid sodium acetate crystallizes from a supersaturated solution, can you accurately predict the sign of H for the crystallization? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDefine the following: a. spontaneous process b. entropy c. positional probability d. system e. surroundings f. universearrow_forwardIn the laboratory, POCl3 (phosphorus oxychloride) is used in the manufacture of phosphate esters, which are used in flame retardants and pesticides. It can be prepared by the following reaction at 25C: 2PCl3(g)+O2(g)2POCl3(g) H=572kJ;G=518.7kJ(a) Calculate S. Is the sign reasonable? (b) Calculate S for POCl3. (c) Calculate for POCl3.arrow_forward
- For the reaction at 298 K, 2NO2(g)N2O4(g) the values of H and S are 58.03 kJ and 176.6 J/K, respectively. What is the value of G at 298 K? Assuming that H and S do not depend on temperature, at what temperature is G = 0? Is G negative above or below this temperature?arrow_forwardCalculate H and G for the following reactions at 25C, using thermodynamic data from Appendix C; interpret the signs of H and G. a 2PbO(s)+N2(g)2Pb(s)+2NO(g)\ b CS2(l)+2H2O(l)CO2(g)+2H2S(g)arrow_forwardDetermine whether each of the following statements is true or false. (a) An exothermic reaction is spontaneous. (b) When G° is positive, the reaction cannot occur under any conditions. (c) S° is positive for a reaction in which there is an increase in the number of moles. d) If H° and S° are both negative, G° will be negative.arrow_forward
- The combustion of acetylene, C2H2, is a spontaneous reaction given by the equation 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)4CO2(g)+2H2O(l) As expected for a combustion, the reaction is exothermic. What is the sign of H? What do you expect for the sign of S? Explain the spontaneity of the reaction in terms of the enthalpy and entropy changes.arrow_forwardIndicate whether the following processes are spontaneous or nonspontaneous. (a) Liquid water freezing at a temperature below its freezing point (b) Liquid water freezing at a temperature above its freezing point (c) The combustion of gasoline (d) A ball thrown into the air (e) A raindrop falling to the ground (f) Iron rusting in a moist atmospherearrow_forwardPredict the sign of S, if possible, for each of the following reactions. If you cannot predict the sign for any reaction, state why. a HCl(g)+NH3(g)NH4Cl(s) b N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) c 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) d CH3OH(l)+32O2(g)CO2(g)+2H2O(g)arrow_forward
- The free energy for a reaction decreases as temperature increases. Explain how this observation is used to determine the sign of either H or S.arrow_forwardIdentify each of the processes listed as spontaneous or nons-pontaneous. For each nonspontaneous process, describe the corresponding spontaneous process in the opposite direction. (a) A group of cheerleaders builds a human pyramid. (b) Table salt dissolves in water. (c) A cup of cold coffee in a room becomes steaming hot. (d) Water molecules in the air are converted to hydrogen and oxygen gases. (e) A person peels an orange, and you smell it from across the room.arrow_forwardOn the basis of your experience, predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous. (a) CO2(s)CO2(g) at 25°C (b) NaCl(s)NaCl(l) at 25°C (c) 2NaCl(s)2Na(s)+Cl2(g) (d) CO2(g)C(s)+O2(g)arrow_forward
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