The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in acetic acid has to be given. Concept Introduction: The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid. Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid. Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Question

What is the physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the following carboxylic acids at room temperature? a. Oxalic acid b. Decanoic acid c. Hexanoic acid d. Benzoic acid Classify the two carboxylic acids in each of the following pairs as (A) both dicarboxylic acids, (B) both monocarboxylic acids, or (C) one dicarboxylic and one monocarboxylic acid. 1. Glutaric acid and valeric acid 2. Adipic acid and oxalic acid 3. Caproic acid and formic acid 4. Succinic acid and malonic acid Each of the following acids contains an additional type of functional group besides the carboxyl group. For each acid, specify the non-carboxyl functional group present. 9. Acrylic acid 10. Lactic acid 11. Maleic acid 12. Glycolic acid 13. Fumaric acid 14. Pyruvic acid 15. Malic acid 16. Tartaric acid What type of chemical reaction does carboxylic acid undergo in the following situations? 17. synthesis of methyl salicylate 18. reaction with a strong alkali 19. occurs in aqueous solution 21. release of…

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.48EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in acetic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in propanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in glutaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

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What is the physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the following carboxylic acids at room temperature? a. Oxalic acid b. Decanoic acid c. Hexanoic acid d. Benzoic acid Classify the two carboxylic acids in each of the following pairs as (A) both dicarboxylic acids, (B) both monocarboxylic acids, or (C) one dicarboxylic and one monocarboxylic acid. 1. Glutaric acid and valeric acid 2. Adipic acid and oxalic acid 3. Caproic acid and formic acid 4. Succinic acid and malonic acid Each of the following acids contains an additional type of functional group besides the carboxyl group. For each acid, specify the non-carboxyl functional group present. 9. Acrylic acid 10. Lactic acid 11. Maleic acid 12. Glycolic acid 13. Fumaric acid 14. Pyruvic acid 15. Malic acid 16. Tartaric acid What type of chemical reaction does carboxylic acid undergo in the following situations? 17. synthesis of methyl salicylate 18. reaction with a strong alkali 19. occurs in aqueous solution 21. release of…

The IUPAC name for a carboxylic acid with three carbons in a straight chain would be A. propanoic acid B. ethylmethanoic acid C. propanalic acid

Formation of Esters. Odor of ester Chemical Equation:

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.48EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in acetic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in propanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in glutaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.48EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in acetic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in propanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in glutaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.48EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in acetic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in propanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in glutaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.48EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in acetic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in propanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in glutaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.48EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in acetic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.48EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in acetic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in propanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in propanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in glutaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in glutaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic. Addition of carboxylic acid to water results in ionization. Hydrogen ion transfer occurs from carboxylic acid to water and hydronium ion is formed. Carboxylate ion is also formed due to the loss of hydrogen ion from carboxylic acid.

Carboxylate ion is the negative ion which is formed when one or more acidic protons are lost from carboxylic acid.

Number of acidic hydrogen atoms present in the carboxylic acid can be found by identifying the number of carboxyl groups present. Each carboxyl group gives a hydrogen atom.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that the name of the carboxylic acid itself implies that it is acidic.

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Chapter 16 Solutions