The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in acrylic acid has to be given. Concept Introduction: Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below, If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below, Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid . They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Question

show any electrophilic aromatic substitution, identify the electriphile, nucleophile and transition state

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in acrylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in lactic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in maleic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in glycolic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in acrylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in lactic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in maleic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in glycolic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in acrylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in lactic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in maleic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in glycolic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in acrylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in lactic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in maleic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in glycolic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in acrylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in lactic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in maleic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in glycolic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in acrylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in acrylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in lactic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in lactic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in maleic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in maleic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in glycolic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The noncarboxyl functional group that is present in glycolic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,

Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that the noncarboxyl functional group present in acrylic acid is carboncarbon double bond.

Chapter 16 Solutions