
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The decreasing order of the ions concetration in the ionization of oxalic acid has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Equilibrium constants:
The equilibrium constant is used to quantitative measurement of the strength of the acid and bases in the water.

Answer to Problem 107GQ
The decreasing order of the ions concentration is follows.
Explanation of Solution
The oxalic acid is a diprotic acid. It ionizes into two steps.
From the ionization steps,
0.10 M solution contains the following ions.
Let’s calculate the ions concentration by using ICE table:
For the first ionization of oxalic acid:
The equilibrium expression:
Substitute the values from ICE table
Here,
All variants are equal to zero.
Therefore,
Solve the quadratic equation, we get x value.
Therefore,
Let’s calculate the ion concentration from second ionization of oxalic acid.
The equilibrium expression:
Substitute the values from the ICE table:
Therefore,
The amount of hydronium ions are produced in the second step ionization is negligible.
From the above calculation write the each ion concentration:
Let’s calculate the hydroxide ion concentration.
The decreasing order of the ions concentration is follows.
Therefore, the decreasing order of the ions concentration is follows.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
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