Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The protein after synthesis is targeted to a location where it performs a specific function. A sequence of 13–15 amino acids called signal sequence directs the proteins to its location.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shape and function. What would you predict about these proteins?
A.
They initially contain signal sequences that allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum
B.
They are glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus
C.
They travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific signal
D.
They are manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Proteins destined for the plasma membrane must move through the secretory pathway.
What role is served by the signal recognition particle (SRP) in this process?
A.
The SRP is required for the binding of mRNA to the ribosome.
B.
The SRP binds to an amino acid sequence at the beginning of a protein.
C.
Like HSP90, the SRP aids in protein folding within the ER.
D.
The SRP is required for the protein to move from the ER to the Golgi.
What kind of domain is involved with intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and are able to bind phosphoinositides with both high affinity and specificity?
A.
SH2
B.
SH1
C.
PH
D.
None of the answers are correct
E.
SH3
F.
Either SH1 or SH2
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.1 - If the codon were five bases long, how many...Ch. 15.2 - For the DNA template below, what would be the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.4 - Distinguish between the P, A, and E sites of the...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - How does a missense mutation differ from a silent...
Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 15 - Eukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and...Ch. 15 - A segment of a strand of DNA has a base sequence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 15 - A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts The normal form of a gene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 1ITD
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- 1. The SRP is recognized by the SRP receptor. 2. The ribosome translates the protein through the translocon and into the ER lumen. 3. The ribosome attaches to the translocon. 4. Chaperones assist in the proper folding of the protein. 5. The signal peptide on the nascent polypeptide is synthesized by the ribosome and recognized by the SRP (signal recognition protein). A. 5, 3, 1, 2, 4 OB. 1, 5, 4, 3, 2 C. 5, 1, 3, 2, 4 OD. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 E. 1, 5, 3, 2, 4 QUESTION 32 The side of the Golgi stack orientated towards the endoplasmic reticulum is the OA. cis-Golgi network B. trans-Golgi network OC. vesicle OD. medial-Golgi QUESTION 33 Which molecule is displaced when a vesicle and its target membrane fuse? A. Water OB. Cholesterol OC. Phospholipids D. DNA OE. SNARES 2. 2.arrow_forwardThe LDL receptor is internalized via endocytosis every ten minutes and recycled to the membrane. How does the cell recycle the receptor and not the ligand (in this case LDL)? A. The high pH (~10) of the early endosome causes dissociation of LDL from the receptor and the receptor is segregated into recycling endosomes. B. The low pH (~5) of the early endosome causes dissociation of LDL from the receptor and the receptor is segregated into recycling endosomes. O C. A targeting sequence on the ligand sorts it to the late endosome/lysosome. D. This is an error-prone process, the ligand often gets recycled accidentally.arrow_forwardRibosomes in the cytoplasm capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme for the lysosome. a) Explain what happens from the time the enzyme begins to form in the cytoplasm until it ends up in the lysosome and also explains how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome?arrow_forward
- 1)You add a drug to cells that can pass through hydrophilic or hydrobic environments (e.g., membranes & cytosol). The drug specifically prevents the binding of KDEL (ER retention signal) to any other molecules. In the short term, what would happen to the synthesis and localization of translocon proteins? a. New complete translocon proteins would be made, but they would end up in the golgi apparatus. b. New complete translocon proteins would be made, but they would end up at the plasma membrane c. No new intact translocon proteins would be synthesized d. New complete translocon proteins would be made, but they would be secreted e. New complete translocon proteins would be made and localized normallyarrow_forwardReceptor downregulation often occurs via endocytosis as a means of turning off a signaling pathway. How does receptor- mediated endocytosis result in turning off signaling? O A. Receptor-mediated endocytosis shuts off signaling through polyubiquitination and degradation of the receptor by the proteasome. B. It doesn't. Signaling continues until the endosome fuses with the lysosome. ) C. Signaling is shut off rapidly through the budding of endosomes into themselves forming multivesicular bodies. This sequesters the cytoplasmic tail from intracellular signaling proteins. D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis shuts off signaling by sorting receptors to recycling endosomes.arrow_forwardThe SERCA pump has four different regions: The transmembrane domain; the N domain; the A domain and the P domain. Use bullet points to list and explain each domain's role in how the SERCA pump works. Lastly, is this pump an active or a secondary active pump?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true of ribosome rescue? (C & E wrong) A. The process produces a protein that is tagged for degradation. B. Proteases enter the A-site of the ribosome to degrade the C-terminus of the synthesized peptide. C. A partially translated mRNA becomes fully degraded before it can be translated further. D. No protein is produced in the process. E. Stalled ribosomes are released in the absence of a stop codon.arrow_forwardWhich of the following proteins would you expect to be translated by a ribosome associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. A potassium channel that localizes to the plasma membrane B. Pyruvate kinase (a protein involved in glycolysis) C. A component of RNA polymerase II (a.k.a. RNA Polymerase 2) D. A component of DNA polymerasearrow_forward1) Describe the role of the signal sequence and the signal recognition particle (SRP) in targeting and processing proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. 2) What is the function of the trans-Golgi network?arrow_forward
- Select the most accurate explanation for how vesicular transport occurs when a receptor is moving from the plasma memberane to the late endosome/lysosome. A. Endosomes containing the receptor are transported by myosin II walking towards the minus end of microtubules. Endosomes are targeted to the late endosome/lysosome by Rab and SNARES facilitate membrane fusion. B. Endosomes containing the receptor are transported by myosin V walking towards the minus end of microtubules. Endosomes are targeted to the late endosome/lysosome by Rab and SNARES facilitate membrane fusion. OC. Endosomes containing the receptor are transported by dyenin walking towards the minus end of microtubules. Endosomes are targeted to the late endosome/lysosome by Rab and SNARES facilitate membrane fusion. D. Endosomes containing the receptor are transported by kinesin-13 walking towards the plus end of microtubules. Endosomes are targeted to the late endosome/lysosome by clathrin and SNARES facilitate membrane…arrow_forwardThe figure above shows the organization of a protein that will eventually reside in the plasma membrane. The boxes labeled 1 and 2 represent membrane-spanning sequences and the arrow represents a site of action of signal peptidase. Which of the following statements must be TRUE about this protein? O a) Most of this protein will project from the cytosolic side of the membrane. O b) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane twice. c) This is a multi-pass membrane protein. O d) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane once.arrow_forwardIndicate (x) if the following statements about synthesis of proteins containing an ER signal sequence are True or False: True False i. Translation is initiated by ribosomes located on the ER membrane The signal recognition particle (SRP) binds a sequence of nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids. ii. iii. The ER signal sequence may be cleaved by signal peptidase on the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane. iv. The part of a transmembrane protein that will ultimately be located outside of the cell is inserted into the lumen of the ER during translation. A stop transfer sequence is a series of polar amino acids that halts translocation of a newly synthesized peptide into the ER lumen.arrow_forward
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