Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The protein after synthesis is targeted to a location where it performs a specific function. A sequence of 13–15 amino acids called signal sequence directs the proteins to its location.
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Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shape and function. What would you predict about these proteins?
A.
They initially contain signal sequences that allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum
B.
They are glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus
C.
They travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific signal
D.
They are manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm (cytosol) capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme (in this case a protease) to the lysosome. a) Describe what happens from the time the enzyme (protease) begins to form in the cytoplasm until it end up in the lysosome and explain how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome.
Much of procollagen formation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus which requires signal peptide. All of the following statements about targeting a protein for the ER are true except
A. signal peptide usually has a positively charged N-terminus and a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids.
B. signal peptide emerging from a free ribosome binds signal recognition particle (SRP).
C. signal peptide is usually cleaved from the protein before the protein is inserted into the ER membrane.
D. docking protein is actually an SRP receptor and serves to bind the SRP to the ER.
E. SRP and docking protein do not enter the ER lumen but are recycled.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.1 - If the codon were five bases long, how many...Ch. 15.2 - For the DNA template below, what would be the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.4 - Distinguish between the P, A, and E sites of the...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - How does a missense mutation differ from a silent...
Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 15 - Eukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and...Ch. 15 - A segment of a strand of DNA has a base sequence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 15 - A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts The normal form of a gene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 1ITD
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- Proteins destined for the plasma membrane must move through the secretory pathway. What role is served by the signal recognition particle (SRP) in this process? A. The SRP is required for the binding of mRNA to the ribosome. B. The SRP binds to an amino acid sequence at the beginning of a protein. C. Like HSP90, the SRP aids in protein folding within the ER. D. The SRP is required for the protein to move from the ER to the Golgi.arrow_forwardWhat kind of domain is involved with intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and are able to bind phosphoinositides with both high affinity and specificity? A. SH2 B. SH1 C. PH D. None of the answers are correct E. SH3 F. Either SH1 or SH2arrow_forwardRibosomes in the cytoplasm (cytosol) capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme (in this case a protease) to the lysosome. a) Describe what happens from the time the enzyme (protease) begins to form in the cytoplasm until it end up in the lysosome and explain how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome, Explain in terms of the clathrin and thethering proteinsarrow_forward
- The LDL receptor is internalized via endocytosis every ten minutes and recycled to the membrane. How does the cell recycle the receptor and not the ligand (in this case LDL)? A. The high pH (~10) of the early endosome causes dissociation of LDL from the receptor and the receptor is segregated into recycling endosomes. B. The low pH (~5) of the early endosome causes dissociation of LDL from the receptor and the receptor is segregated into recycling endosomes. O C. A targeting sequence on the ligand sorts it to the late endosome/lysosome. D. This is an error-prone process, the ligand often gets recycled accidentally.arrow_forwardRibosomes in the cytoplasm capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme for the lysosome. a) Explain what happens from the time the enzyme begins to form in the cytoplasm until it ends up in the lysosome and also explains how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome?arrow_forwardReceptor downregulation often occurs via endocytosis as a means of turning off a signaling pathway. How does receptor- mediated endocytosis result in turning off signaling? O A. Receptor-mediated endocytosis shuts off signaling through polyubiquitination and degradation of the receptor by the proteasome. B. It doesn't. Signaling continues until the endosome fuses with the lysosome. ) C. Signaling is shut off rapidly through the budding of endosomes into themselves forming multivesicular bodies. This sequesters the cytoplasmic tail from intracellular signaling proteins. D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis shuts off signaling by sorting receptors to recycling endosomes.arrow_forward
- The SERCA pump has four different regions: The transmembrane domain; the N domain; the A domain and the P domain. Use bullet points to list and explain each domain's role in how the SERCA pump works. Lastly, is this pump an active or a secondary active pump?arrow_forwardWhy do cancer cells treated with vitamin E succinate appear to be more vulnerable to rupture of their lysosomal membranes (and subsequent apoptosis) than normal cells? A. cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, which destabilizes the acidic lysosomes B. cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, which destabilizes the alkaline lysosomes C. cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, which destabilizes the acidic lysosomes D. cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, which destabilizes the alkaline lysosomes E. all of the abovearrow_forwardHeparan sulfate proteoglycans appertain to which of the following processes?*a. transport by argosomesb. transport by cytonemesc. restricted diffusiond. simple diffusion The model for planar transcytosis is characterized by which of the following?* a. Morphogen-receiving cells employ long actin-based filopodia. b. Morphogens interact with cell surface receptors and coreceptors. c. Lipid-modified morphogens are transported in lipoprotein vesicles. d. Morphogens are transported by repeated rounds of endocytosis and re-secretion. Metamerism is NOT observed in which of the following structures?* a. acron b. rhombomeres c. somites d. vertebral column The anterior structure of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?* a. nanos proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene. b. caudal proteins promote the transcription of the bicoid gene. c. bicoid proteins promote transcription of the…arrow_forward
- A. Dr. Randy Schekman introduced you to a yeast model system for studying membrane fusion and vesicle trafficking. Imagine that you have isolated a new temperature-sensitive sec mutant which you suspect has a specific defect in secretory vesicle docking and fusion with the plasma membrane (exocytosis). Describe an experiment you could do to test your hypothesis. B. Now, explain how you would continue your experiment to identify which secretory pathway proteins are present on these secretory vesicles. C. Finally, among the proteins present in these synaptic vesicles according to mass spec you find a protein which contains a G-domain fold suggesting that it is a G-protein. Briefly outline how, in principle, you would determine which of the other proteins is a GAP for this G protein.arrow_forward1) Describe the role of the signal sequence and the signal recognition particle (SRP) in targeting and processing proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. 2) What is the function of the trans-Golgi network?arrow_forwardSelect the most accurate explanation for how vesicular transport occurs when a receptor is moving from the plasma memberane to the late endosome/lysosome. A. Endosomes containing the receptor are transported by myosin II walking towards the minus end of microtubules. Endosomes are targeted to the late endosome/lysosome by Rab and SNARES facilitate membrane fusion. B. Endosomes containing the receptor are transported by myosin V walking towards the minus end of microtubules. Endosomes are targeted to the late endosome/lysosome by Rab and SNARES facilitate membrane fusion. OC. Endosomes containing the receptor are transported by dyenin walking towards the minus end of microtubules. Endosomes are targeted to the late endosome/lysosome by Rab and SNARES facilitate membrane fusion. D. Endosomes containing the receptor are transported by kinesin-13 walking towards the plus end of microtubules. Endosomes are targeted to the late endosome/lysosome by clathrin and SNARES facilitate membrane…arrow_forward
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