Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 5TYK
Which of the following statements is false?
a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation.
b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids.
c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it.
d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site.
e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.
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During translation, when a stop codon is read on the mRNA strand at the ribosome...
a
the mRNA is digested by a protease complex
b
a repressor attached to the ribosome that inhibits the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA
c
the enzyme helicase binds to terminate the polypeptide
d
a release factor enters the A site of the ribosome and stimulates the disassembly of the translation complex
Codons are...
a
triplets coding for a single amino acid.
b
redundant in their coding for various amino acids.
c
matched with anticodons during translation
d
triplets found on transfer RNA
Question 6 (1 point)
In order to produce many copies of the same protein in a short period of time, the cell uses...
a
intron self-splicing.
b
many RNA polymerase molecules to produce multiple mRNA transcripts at the same time.
c
single-unit ribosomes for high speed translation.
d
codon-anticodon reciprocal…
What would be the direct consequence to a cell of loss-of-function of Elongation Factor-Tu (EF-Tu)? You may select multiple answers.
a. tRNAs would fail to exit the E site after giving up their amino acid.
b. The error rate of translation would increase.
c. The ribosome would frequently fail to identify the correct start codon and initiation of translation would become less efficient.
d. There would be no pause between the entry of a tRNA into the A site and peptidyl transfer.
Examine the following base sequence – 5’ UGA 3’. It represents the anticodon region of a particular tRNA. Based on this knowledge you know that
a.
This tRNA would be used to stop translation.
b.
This tRNA would carry the amino acid Serine to the ribosome.
c.
This tRNA would carry the amino acid Threonine to the ribosome.
d.
This tRNA would bind a TCA codon on DNA.
e.
This tRNA would not carry any amino acid to the ribosome.
f.
This tRNA would carry the amino acid Leucine to the ribosome.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.1 - If the codon were five bases long, how many...Ch. 15.2 - For the DNA template below, what would be the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.4 - Distinguish between the P, A, and E sites of the...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - How does a missense mutation differ from a silent...
Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 15 - Eukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and...Ch. 15 - A segment of a strand of DNA has a base sequence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 15 - A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts The normal form of a gene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 1ITD
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- Which of the following are stages of translation? Select all that apply. a.As the ribosome moves from codon to codon, amino acids brought by successive tRNAs to the ribosome form a growing polypeptide. b.A tRNA binds to the second codon and its carried amino acid forms a peptide bond with methionine. c.When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, its subunits detach, and the mRNA and new polypeptide are released. d.Ribosomal subunits and a tRNA carrying methionine converge on the start codon of an mRNA. e.The binding of a tRNA to the third codon causes the ribosome to release the first tRNA and move to the next codon.arrow_forwardA principle function of 5' and 3' end modifications of eukaryotic mRNA is: a. to ensure that all nucleotides are phosphorylated b. to protect RNA from nucleolytic degradation c. to guide the removal of introns d. to serve as binding sites for translation release factorsarrow_forwardThe codon and anticodon are base-paired together during the process of translation. Which of the following is correct regarding the relationship between anticodon and codon? A. The tRNA anticodon UCU pairs with the AGA mRNA codon. B. The tRNA anticodon is read from the 5’ to the 3’ end. C. A tRNA anticodon can pair with only one mRNA codon. D. The mRNA codon ACG base pairs with the tRNA anticodon TGC.arrow_forward
- The following diagram illustrates a step in the process of translation. Identify the following elements on the diagram.arrow_forwardWhat site on the ribosome is the place where a tRNA molecule leaves the ribosome after attaching its amino acid to the growing chain of amino acids? a. E site b. P site c. A site d. the small ribosomal subunit Please respond as soon as possiblearrow_forwardThe initiation factors a. help assembling both ribosomal subunits with mRNA and initiator tRNA b. help with the peptide bond formation c. help starting the translation elongation d. are responsible for the initiation of ribosome translocationarrow_forward
- Which translation factor mediates the aminoacyl-tRNA entry into the A site of the ribosome? A. EF-Tu B. EF-Ts C. EF-G D. IF1arrow_forwardDo the following events during bacterial translation occur primarily within the 30S subunit, within the 50S subunit, or at the interface between these two ribosomal subunits? A. mRNA-tRNA recognition B. Peptidyl transfer reaction C. Exit of the polypeptide from the ribosome D. Binding of initiation factors IF1, IF2, and IF3arrow_forwardFind the events from prokaryotic translation from the list below and list them below in order, by letter, from earliest to latest during translation A. Incoming tRNA occupies the A-site B. Small ribosome binds to Shine Dalgarno sequence C. 5’ methyl cap binds small ribosome D. Large ribosome subunit binds the small ribosome subunit E. P-site tRNA peptide is attached to the amino acid of the A-site tRNA. F. f-Met tRNA binds to P site G. Small ribosomal subunit binds mRNA H. Peptide released from complex.arrow_forward
- You are studying a eukaryotic gene in which translation normally begins at the second AUG in the mRNA (underlined). The sequence surrounding both AUGs is CGGAUGCACAGGACAUCCUACCUACGGAGAUGA.... Predict the effects of the following mutations on the translation of this mRNA. Present the new sequence, highlight the changes in the sequence and consider the best context for translation. a. Change the first and second C to G b. Change the first and second C to G and also change the UAC codon before the second AUG to UAG.arrow_forwardThe primary function of RF1 during translation is to: a. recognize a stop codon in the 70S A site during termination. b. recognize the start codon in the 70S P site during initiation. c. move tRNAs and mRNA through the ribosome during elongation. d. facilitate binding of the ribosome to mRNA during initiation.arrow_forwardIn which site(s) of the ribosome could you find a tRNA with more than one amino acid bound (a peptidyl- TRNA)? a. In both the E- and P-sites. b. In both the A- and P-sites. С. Only in the A-site. d. Only in the P-site. e. Only in the E-site.arrow_forward
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