Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 17TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The process of alternative splicing and exon shuffling affect the rate at which new proteins evolve.
Introduction:
mRNAs (messenger ribonucleic acid) carries genetic information from DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to ribosome. RNA polymerase synthesizes a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) in eukaryotes, which is then processed to form mRNA in a translatable form. The noncoding sequences called introns are removed and coding RNA sequences called exons are joined.
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Please consider the figure below.
a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure.
b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B, C and/or D to answer the question.
C. What terminus of the protein is represented by the amino acid represented by label D?
Q1: In your own words, define RNA splicing. When during gene expression does it occur? Q2: What do you predict would happen if the introns were not removed from RNA before translation? Why would it be a problem if the introns were not removed? Q3: Where is the mRNA destined to go once it has been transported out of the nucleus?
a) Define the term gene expression
b) State 4 difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes gene expression
c) state the importance of regulating gene expression
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.1 - If the codon were five bases long, how many...Ch. 15.2 - For the DNA template below, what would be the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.4 - Distinguish between the P, A, and E sites of the...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - How does a missense mutation differ from a silent...
Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 15 - Eukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and...Ch. 15 - A segment of a strand of DNA has a base sequence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 15 - A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts The normal form of a gene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 1ITD
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- According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false? A. The sequence of anticodons in tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA, with some room for wobble. B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA. C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of the tRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forwardExplain point mutations and frameshift mutations. Which is more apt to disrupt the structure and or function of a protein coded for by a gene? Why?arrow_forward→ A double-stranded DNA molecule with the sequence shown below produced a peptide. a) Label the start site +1, then point to the upstream region of this gene. b) Transcribe the gene into mRNA, labeling the polarities of each end of the RNA. c) Put a 5-methyl-G cap and a poly-A tail on your mRNA below. d) Translate the peptide-coding sequence using the genetic code and amino acid table in your packet. Label the amino-terminus and the carboxy-terminus of this peptide. 5'- ATG GAT GGG GCA ACC GTA GAC GTG TAG - 3' Coding Strand 3'-TAC CTA CCC CGT TGG CAT CTG CAC ATC -5' mRNA: Peptide:arrow_forward
- Some research suggests that translation of proteins is regulated by ribosome stalling: ribosomes attach to mRNA and then stall; elongation commences only in response to a specific stimulus. What might be an advantage to gene regulation by ribosome stalling?arrow_forwardPlease consider the figure below. a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure. b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B and/or C to answer the question. c. What type of enzyme is involved in the process described in (b)? d. What terminus of the protein is represented by label A?arrow_forwardThe figure below shows two tRNA molecules preparing to deliver amino acids to an MRNA molecule. Using the anticodons indicated, fill in the blanks with the correct codon sequence and name the amino acids that apply. ,A AG GG C Codons: a. MRNA 5'1 3' Amino acids: C. d. a) b) c) d)arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not true of RNA processing?(A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.(B) Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA.(C) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.(D) RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes.arrow_forwardAccording to the adaptor hypothesis, is each the following statementstrue or false?A. The sequence of an anticodon in a tRNA directly recognizes acodon sequence in mRNA, with some allowance for wobble.B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes acodon sequence in mRNA.C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of thetRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forwardIS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.arrow_forward
- Order+the+following+of+protein+sentesis+sequence+from+earliest: (a)tRNA molecule bring specific amino acids to he mRNA molecule. b)mRNA nucleotides join with exposed DNA bases and form a molecule of mRNA.(c)The two stands of a DNA molecule separate. (d)Peptide bonds form between the amino acids. (e)the mRNA molecule leave the nucleus. (f) a ribosome attached to the mRNA molecule.arrow_forwardFor each of the following, identify the type of RNA involved (mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA). a. Transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome, using the information encoded in the mRNA. b. Is a major component of ribosomes. c. Specifies the order of amino acids in a protein, using a series of three-base codons, where different amino acids are specified by particular codons. d. Contains a three-base anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon revealed in the mRNA. e. Assists in making the bonds that link amino acids together to make a protein.arrow_forwardGive typed explanationarrow_forward
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