Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 17TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The process of alternative splicing and exon shuffling affect the rate at which new proteins evolve.
Introduction:
mRNAs (messenger ribonucleic acid) carries genetic information from DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to ribosome. RNA polymerase synthesizes a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) in eukaryotes, which is then processed to form mRNA in a translatable form. The noncoding sequences called introns are removed and coding RNA sequences called exons are joined.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Match each of the following examples with the hypothesis it argues against.
Example
The gene coding for keratin
A gene coding for a tRNA
Three genes, each coding for one of the G protein
subunits (a, ß and y)
A gene that undergoes alternative splicing
Hypothesis
One gene → one polypeptide
One gene→→ one enzyme
One gene → one protein
One gene → one protein
Please consider the figure below.
a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure.
b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B, C and/or D to answer the question.
C. What terminus of the protein is represented by the amino acid represented by label D?
a) Define the term gene expression
b) State 4 difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes gene expression
c) state the importance of regulating gene expression
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.1 - If the codon were five bases long, how many...Ch. 15.2 - For the DNA template below, what would be the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.4 - Distinguish between the P, A, and E sites of the...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - How does a missense mutation differ from a silent...
Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 15 - Eukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and...Ch. 15 - A segment of a strand of DNA has a base sequence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 15 - A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts The normal form of a gene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 1ITD
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- According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false? A. The sequence of anticodons in tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA, with some room for wobble. B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA. C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of the tRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forwardGeneticists have found that when they cut out a eukaryotic gene from genomic DNA that they can hybridize one of the strands of that gene to the mRNA for that gene by allowing the strands to hydrogen bond. Why is it sometimes claimed that alternative splicing of exons from a single gene results in a set of proteins of related function?arrow_forward
- → A double-stranded DNA molecule with the sequence shown below produced a peptide. a) Label the start site +1, then point to the upstream region of this gene. b) Transcribe the gene into mRNA, labeling the polarities of each end of the RNA. c) Put a 5-methyl-G cap and a poly-A tail on your mRNA below. d) Translate the peptide-coding sequence using the genetic code and amino acid table in your packet. Label the amino-terminus and the carboxy-terminus of this peptide. 5'- ATG GAT GGG GCA ACC GTA GAC GTG TAG - 3' Coding Strand 3'-TAC CTA CCC CGT TGG CAT CTG CAC ATC -5' mRNA: Peptide:arrow_forwardThe Human Genome Project showed that human DNA is not considerably bigger than much simpler organisms, with about 30,000 total genes. However, humans make over 100, 000 different proteins. How is this possible? (Hint: think about splicing.)arrow_forwardPlease consider the figure below. a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure. b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B and/or C to answer the question. c. What type of enzyme is involved in the process described in (b)? d. What terminus of the protein is represented by label A?arrow_forward
- Don't copy from google give proper explanationarrow_forwardThe figure below shows two tRNA molecules preparing to deliver amino acids to an MRNA molecule. Using the anticodons indicated, fill in the blanks with the correct codon sequence and name the amino acids that apply. ,A AG GG C Codons: a. MRNA 5'1 3' Amino acids: C. d. a) b) c) d)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of RNA processing?(A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.(B) Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA.(C) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.(D) RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes.arrow_forward
- Discuss the following statement: “from the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone, the complete amino acid sequence of a protein can be deduced by applying the genetic code. thus, protein biochemistry has become superfluous because there is nothing more that can be learned by studying the protein.”arrow_forwardAccording to the adaptor hypothesis, is each the following statementstrue or false?A. The sequence of an anticodon in a tRNA directly recognizes acodon sequence in mRNA, with some allowance for wobble.B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes acodon sequence in mRNA.C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of thetRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forwardIS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.arrow_forward
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