To review:
A geneticist is attempting to isolate mutations in the genes for four enzymes acting in a
Introduction:
Enzymes are the proteins coded by genes (sequence of nucleotides) present in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). Different genes code for different enzymes in the cell. The enzyme binds to a substrate and subsequently forms a product. Gene is a sequence of nucleotides and if there is any change (mutation) in the
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Beadle and Tatum's experiments led to the "one gene - one enzyme (protein)" hypothesis. In subsequent years, many exceptions to this hypothesis were noted. A molecule of hemoglobin fails to support this hypothesis for which of the following reasons? n eukaryotes, one gene can code form multiple isoforms of a polypeptide. The functional hemoglobin protein is made from multiple polypeptides. Not all enzymes are proteins. Not all genes encode proteins.arrow_forwardAll of the following are true about the design of the Beadle and Tatum experiment (one gene one polypeptide) EXCEPT: A. Used X-rays to generate auxotrophs B. Depended on the use of the bacteria, N. crassa C. Examined the way in which amino acid biosynthesis occurs D. Added nutrient intermediates to rescue lethal mutations included the study of conditional mutants E. Led to the one-gene-one polypeptide hypothesis.arrow_forwardMany aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Choose an answer below: Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forward
- In humans, the AMY1 gene produces the enzyme amylase in cells of the salivary glands. Amylase breaks down starch (a polysaccharide) into the sugar maltose (a disaccharide). People from cultures with diets high in starch produce more amylase than people from cultures with diets low in starch because of a mutation in the AMY1 gene. Explain in two to three sentences why the frequency of this AMY1 mutation would have increased in frequency in populations with a high starch diet.arrow_forwardfor the P53 Gene, pick an exon and design two set of primers for a region that is at most 600 bp. Briefly explain why one of them is better than the other. You do not need to include every thermodynamic calculation or figures, just create a table like the one PrimerBLAST provides (you can use it directly).arrow_forwardCompare the following techniques which are used to investigate the active site of an enzyme:5.1use of substrate analogues5.2 immobilization of enzyme-substrate complex5.3 site-directed mutagenesiarrow_forward
- You are studying a bacterial metabolic pathway that results in the synthesis of a product, vitalin, that is essential for survival. In the figure below, each number represents an intermediate product, and each letter represents the enzyme (protein) that catalyzes that step. d 3 e 5 Vitalin Compound 4 > Vitalin You find that bacteria with mutations in either c orf can survive, but a bacterial cell that has mutations in both c and f cannot survive. Which of the following statements explain your observations? Select all that apply. If both genes, c and f, are mutated, then vitalin cannot be synthesized O If gene c is mutated, then vitalin cannot be synthesized The pathway to synthesis of vitalin is branched, and either one can result in vitalin production gene c is mutated, then bacteria can survive by synthesizing vitalin using enzymes f and g Ifarrow_forwardWhat is the role of enzyme “Ligase” in genetic Engineering?arrow_forwardMany aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one- gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forward
- Higashi et al. (1986) found that three critical mutations were found in one of the two genes coding for 21-hydroxylase to render the gene nonfunctional. The following is a partial DNA sequence from one of the 21-hydroxylase genes where one of the three most common mutations occurs. For the following piece of normal DNA from the 21-hydroxylase gene, fill in the corresponding mRNA codons, and amino acids, and then do the same for the mutated sequence below it. GCT GAC GTC CTC CTC normal DNA sequence normal mRNA sequence normal amino acid sequencearrow_forwardUsing the question in the image below, identify the locations of each mutation in strains 1, 2, and 3arrow_forwardA molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene gene in human liver cells that codes for an important blood clotting protein. He knows that the nucleotides sequence of a small part of the gene is GTGGACTGACA. briefly explain how to obtain the desired genearrow_forward
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