Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 1AQ

Describe a key physiological feature of the following Bacteria that would differentiate each from the others: Acetobacter, Methylococcus, Azotobacter, Photobacterium, Desulfovibrio, and spirillum.

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Summary Introduction

To explain:

A key physiological feature that is present in the following bacteria that would differentiate them from each other: Acetobacter, Methylococcus, Azotobacter, Photobacterium, Desulfovibrio, and Spirillum.

Introduction:

Bacteria that are able to convert ethanol to acetic acid are classified under the genus of Acetobacter. Desulfovibrio contains gram-negative sulfate reducers. The genus Methylococcus contains gram-negative cocci. Photobacterium belongs to the genus of Vibrionaceae are gram-negative bacteria.

Explanation of Solution

A key physiological feature that is present in all the given genus of bacteria that would differentiate each from the other is their oxygen requirement. These geneses also differ in their metabolism.

Acetic acid bacteria are economically important as they are employed in the production of vinegar. Firstly, ethanol is converted into wine which in turn is converted into acetic acid that results in the production of vinegar. These bacteria are obligate aerobes that are also used in the production of vitamin C. Oxidize acetate completely to carbon dioxide by complete citric acid cycle.

Methylococcus are obligately methanotrophic in nature. These bacteria are involved in the oxidation of methane that is produced biologically. Therefore, these bacteria play a major role in decreasing the effect of a greenhouse gas-methane. This genus includes methanotrophic bacteria that carry out an incomplete citric acid cycle.

Azotobacter is a genus that contains free living, motile diazotrophs. These bacteria form a resting structure known as cyst. Azotobacter is used as a bio-fertilizer during the cultivation of crops. These aerobic bacteria fixes the atmospheric nitrogen by the use of nitrogenase enzyme.

Photobacterium are facultative aerobes. These bacteria possess bioluminescent property. The light emitting property of such organisms is termed as bioluminescence. The gene which is responsible for this property is lux CDABE. The phenomenon of bioluminescence is catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase.

Desulfovibrio are anaerobic, gram-negative sulfate reducing bacteria.  These bacteria utilize anoxygenic lactate-sulfate medium that contains ferrous iron. These bacteria are particularly noted as there are capable of producing methyl mercury. This compound can cause health defects in human (cardiovascular diseases) and children.

Spirillum is a genus of microaerophilic bacteria. They are gram-negative and motile by polar flagella. These bacteria are spiral in shape and possess a rigid structure. These bacteria are the causative agents of rat-bite fever.

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Chapter 15 Solutions

Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)

Ch. 15.4 - Compare and contrast the metabolism, morphology,...Ch. 15.5 - What are some similarities between purple...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.5 - Compare and contrast the metabolism of purple...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.8 - What types of anoxygenic phototrophs contain...Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.8 - In what ways is Chloracidobacterium thermophilum...Ch. 15.9 - What are the typical electron donors used by...Ch. 15.9 - What bacterial phyla are known to contain...Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.10 - What are the typical electron donors used by...Ch. 15.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.10 - In what ways are sulfur-reducing bacteria...Ch. 15.11 - Describe the energy and carbon metabolism of...Ch. 15.11 - What are some ecological strategies that sulfur...Ch. 15.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.12 - What mechanisms do free-living diazotraphs use to...Ch. 15.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.12 - What are some ways that diazotrophs protect...Ch. 15.13 - Under what conditions would you expect...Ch. 15.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.14 - In what phylogenetic groups are Geobacter and...Ch. 15.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.15 - What habitat characteristics govern the diversity...Ch. 15.15 - How do aerobic neutrophilic iron-oxidizers keep...Ch. 15.15 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.16 - What is the difference between a methanotroph and...Ch. 15.16 - What is unique about the methanotroph...Ch. 15.16 - What are the differences between type I and type...Ch. 15.17 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.17 - What are the different ways in which species of...Ch. 15.17 - Compare and contrast the life cycle of Myxococcus...Ch. 15.18 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.18 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.18 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.19 - What are the major differences between spirochetes...Ch. 15.19 - Name two diseases of humans caused by spirochetes.Ch. 15.19 - Contrast the motility of spirochetes with that of...Ch. 15.20 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.20 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.20 - Contrast the life cycle of Hyphomicrobium with...Ch. 15.21 - Describe how a sheathed bacterium such as...Ch. 15.21 - List two metals that are oxidized by sheathed...Ch. 15.21 - In what environment might you expect to find...Ch. 15.22 - What benefit do magnetic bacteria accrue from...Ch. 15.22 - Would you expect to find greigite or magnetite in...Ch. 15.22 - In what way does a magnetosome contribute to the...Ch. 15 - Describe a key physiological feature of the...Ch. 15 - Describe the metabolism for each of the following...Ch. 15 - Using an example from each of the morphologically...
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