Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15.13, Problem 2MQ
Summary Introduction
The microbes that are involved in the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate are termed as ammonia oxidizers. The process of nitrification occurs in two steps. The oxidation of ammonia to nitrate that is carried out by two ubiquitous groups of bacteria. Oxidation of ammonium to nitrite that is carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 15 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 15.1 - Why is it necessary to consider microbial...Ch. 15.1 - What are three reasons that functional traits...Ch. 15.1 - What is convergent evolution and how is it...Ch. 15.2 - What form of photosynthesis was most likely the...Ch. 15.2 - Which bacterial phyla contain phototrophs?Ch. 15.3 - What are the differentiating properties of the...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.3 - How are prochlorophytes, such as Prochlorococcus,...Ch. 15.4 - What is the source of the purple color from which...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 15.4 - Compare and contrast the metabolism, morphology,...Ch. 15.5 - What are some similarities between purple...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.5 - Compare and contrast the metabolism of purple...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.8 - What types of anoxygenic phototrophs contain...Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.8 - In what ways is Chloracidobacterium thermophilum...Ch. 15.9 - What are the typical electron donors used by...Ch. 15.9 - What bacterial phyla are known to contain...Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.10 - What are the typical electron donors used by...Ch. 15.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.10 - In what ways are sulfur-reducing bacteria...Ch. 15.11 - Describe the energy and carbon metabolism of...Ch. 15.11 - What are some ecological strategies that sulfur...Ch. 15.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.12 - What mechanisms do free-living diazotraphs use to...Ch. 15.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.12 - What are some ways that diazotrophs protect...Ch. 15.13 - Under what conditions would you expect...Ch. 15.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.14 - In what phylogenetic groups are Geobacter and...Ch. 15.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.15 - What habitat characteristics govern the diversity...Ch. 15.15 - How do aerobic neutrophilic iron-oxidizers keep...Ch. 15.15 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.16 - What is the difference between a methanotroph and...Ch. 15.16 - What is unique about the methanotroph...Ch. 15.16 - What are the differences between type I and type...Ch. 15.17 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.17 - What are the different ways in which species of...Ch. 15.17 - Compare and contrast the life cycle of Myxococcus...Ch. 15.18 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.18 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.18 - Prob. 1CRCh. 15.19 - What are the major differences between spirochetes...Ch. 15.19 - Name two diseases of humans caused by spirochetes.Ch. 15.19 - Contrast the motility of spirochetes with that of...Ch. 15.20 - Prob. 1MQCh. 15.20 - Prob. 2MQCh. 15.20 - Contrast the life cycle of Hyphomicrobium with...Ch. 15.21 - Describe how a sheathed bacterium such as...Ch. 15.21 - List two metals that are oxidized by sheathed...Ch. 15.21 - In what environment might you expect to find...Ch. 15.22 - What benefit do magnetic bacteria accrue from...Ch. 15.22 - Would you expect to find greigite or magnetite in...Ch. 15.22 - In what way does a magnetosome contribute to the...Ch. 15 - Describe a key physiological feature of the...Ch. 15 - Describe the metabolism for each of the following...Ch. 15 - Using an example from each of the morphologically...
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