Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15RE
MATHEMATICAL If a reaction can be written
Expert Solution & Answer
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61. MATHEMATICAL For the following aspartase reaction (see Ques-
tion 28) in the presence of the inhibitor hydroxymethylaspar-
tate, determine K and whether the inhibition is competitive or
noncompetitive.
[S]
(molarity)
V, No Inhibitor
(arbitrary units)
V, Inhibitor Present
(same arbitrary units)
:21×10¹01 0.026 TOIV 0.0109 9
5 X 10
0.092
0.040
0.086
0.120
10-3
IPO?
2.5 10-³
5×10 211 0.150 09M
ein
5 X 10-3
0.165
20 mys
0.142
Question:
A. To explore the consequences of coupling ATP hydrolysis under physiological conditions to a thermodynamically unfavorable biochemical reaction, consider the hypothetical transformation X⟶Y, for which Δ?′°=20.0 kJ/mol.
What is the ratio of [Y]/[X][Y]/[X] at equilibrium?
B.
Suppose XX and YY participate in a sequence of reactions during which ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. The overall reaction is
X+ATP+H2O⟶Y+ADP+Pi
Calculate [Y]/[X] for this reaction at equilibrium. Assume that the temperature is 25.0 °C and the equilibrium concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are 1.00 M each.
C. We know that [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are not 1.00 M under physiological conditions. Calculate [Y]/[X] for the ATP‑coupled reaction when the values of [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are those found in rat myocytes.
Metabolite Concentration in rat myocytes (M)
ATP 8.05x10-3
ADP 0.93x10-3
Pi 8.05x10-3
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 15 - RECALL Is there a connection between the...Ch. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY What do the following indicators...Ch. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY Consider the reaction...Ch. 15 - RECALL What conditions are necessary for the...Ch. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it important that energy...Ch. 15 - RECALL Why is it necessary to define a modified...Ch. 15 - RECALL Which of the following statements is (are)...Ch. 15 - RECALL How can you tell if the standard Gibbs free...Ch. 15 - RECALL Can the thermodynamic property G be used to...Ch. 15 - MATHEMATICAL Calculate G for the following values...
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11RECh. 15 - MATHEMATICAL Consider the reaction AB+C, where...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13RECh. 15 - MATHEMATICAL The G for the reaction Citrate ...Ch. 15 - MATHEMATICAL If a reaction can be written AB, and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16RECh. 15 - Prob. 17RECh. 15 - Prob. 18RECh. 15 - RECALL Organize the following words into two...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20RECh. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would you expect the production...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22RECh. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY Adult humans synthesize large...Ch. 15 - RECALL Identify the molecules oxidized and reduced...Ch. 15 - RECALL For each of the reactions in Question 24,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 26RECh. 15 - RECALL What is the structural difference between...Ch. 15 - RECALL How does the difference between NADH and...Ch. 15 - RECALL Which coenzyme is a reactant in the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30RECh. 15 - Prob. 31RECh. 15 - Prob. 32RECh. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY The following half reactions...Ch. 15 - Prob. 34RECh. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY There is a reaction in...Ch. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY There is a reaction in which...Ch. 15 - Prob. 37RECh. 15 - Prob. 38RECh. 15 - Prob. 39RECh. 15 - Prob. 40RECh. 15 - MATHEMATICAL Using the data in Table 15.1,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 42RECh. 15 - Prob. 43RECh. 15 - MATHEMATICAL The standard free-energy change for...Ch. 15 - Prob. 45RECh. 15 - Prob. 46RECh. 15 - Prob. 47RECh. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would you expect an increase or...Ch. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY Explain and show why...Ch. 15 - Prob. 50RECh. 15 - Prob. 51RECh. 15 - Prob. 52RECh. 15 - Prob. 53RECh. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why are thioesters considered...Ch. 15 - Prob. 55RECh. 15 - REFLECT AND APPLY This is a conjectural question:...
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- MATHEMATICAL For an enzyme that displays MichaelisMenten kinetics, what is the reaction velocity, V (as a percentage of Vmax), observed at the following values? (a) [S]=KM (b) [S]=0.5KM (c) [S]=0.1KM (d) [S]=2KM (e) [S]=10KMarrow_forwardMATHEMATICAL The standard free-energy change for the reaction Arginine+ATPPhosphoarginine+ADP is +1.7kJmol1. From this information and that in Table 15.1, calculate the G for the reaction Phosphoarginine+H2OArginine+Piarrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Two biochemistry students are about to use mitochondria isolated from rat liver for an experiment on oxidative phosphorylation. The directions for the experiment specify addition of purified cytochrome c from any source to the reaction mixture. Why is the added cytochrome c needed? Why does the source not have to be the same as that of the mitochondria?arrow_forward
- MATHEMATICAL Consider the reaction AB+C, where G=0.00. (a) What is the value of G (not G) when the initial concentrations of A, B, and C are 1 M, 103M,and106M? (b) Try the same calculations for the reaction D+EF, for the same relative order of concentrations. (c) Try the same calculations for the reaction GH, if the concentrations are 1Mand103M for G and H, respectively.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Why is it advantageous for a cell to have organelles? Discuss this concept from the standpoint of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The following half reactions play important roles in metabolism. 1/2O2+2H++2eH2ONADH+H+NAD++2H++2e Which of these two is a half reaction of oxidation? Which one is a half reaction of reduction? Write the equation for the overall re- action. Which reagent is the oxidizing agent (electron acceptor)? Which reagent is the reducing agent (electron donor)?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY In which of the following processes does the entropy increase? In each case, explain why it does or does not increase. (a) A bottle of ammonia is opened. The odor of ammonia is soon apparent throughout the room. (b) Sodium chloride dissolves in water. (c) A protein is completely hydrolyzed to the component amino acids. Hint: For Questions 37 through 39, consider the equation G=HT(S).arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY What do the following indicators tell you about whether a reaction can proceed as written? (a) The standard free-energy change is positive. (b) The free-energy change is positive. (c) The reaction is exergonic.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why a different reducing agent (NADPH) is used in anabolic reactions rather than NADH, which plays a role in catabolic ones.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLLY Show, by a series of equations, the energetics of phosphorylation of ADP by phosphoenolpyruvate.arrow_forwardMATHEMATICAL Using the information in Table 20.2, calculate G for the following reaction: 2Cytaa3[oxidized;Fe(III)]+2Cytb[reduced;Fe(II)]2Cytaa3[reduced;Fe(II)]+2Cytb[oxidized;Fe(III)]arrow_forwardMATHEMATICAL For the following aspartase reaction (see Question 28) in the presence of the inhibitor hydroxymethylaspartate, determine KM and whether the inhibition is competitive or noncompetitive. [s](molarity)V,noInhibitor(arbitraryunits)V,InhibitorPresent(samearbitraryunits)110451041.5103510311.00.0260.0920.1360.1659.520.0100.0400.0860.1427.60arrow_forward
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