Concept explainers
MATHEMATICAL Consider the reaction
(a) What is the value of
(b) Try the same calculations for the reaction
(c) Try the same calculations for the reaction
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Biochemistry
- MATHEMATICAL Using the information in Table 20.2, calculate G for the following reaction: 2Cytaa3[oxidized;Fe(III)]+2Cytb[reduced;Fe(II)]2Cytaa3[reduced;Fe(II)]+2Cytb[oxidized;Fe(III)]arrow_forwardMATHEMATICAL For an enzyme that displays MichaelisMenten kinetics, what is the reaction velocity, V (as a percentage of Vmax), observed at the following values? (a) [S]=KM (b) [S]=0.5KM (c) [S]=0.1KM (d) [S]=2KM (e) [S]=10KMarrow_forwardMATHEMATICAL If a reaction can be written AB, and the G is 20kJmol1, what would the substrate/product ratio have to be for the reaction to be thermodynamically favorable?arrow_forward
- MATHEMATICAL The standard free-energy change for the reaction Arginine+ATPPhosphoarginine+ADP is +1.7kJmol1. From this information and that in Table 15.1, calculate the G for the reaction Phosphoarginine+H2OArginine+Piarrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Two biochemistry students are about to use mitochondria isolated from rat liver for an experiment on oxidative phosphorylation. The directions for the experiment specify addition of purified cytochrome c from any source to the reaction mixture. Why is the added cytochrome c needed? Why does the source not have to be the same as that of the mitochondria?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY A model is proposed to explain the reaction catalyzed by an enzyme. Experimentally obtained rate data fit the model to within experimental error. Do these findings prove the model?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY In which of the following processes does the entropy increase? In each case, explain why it does or does not increase. (a) A bottle of ammonia is opened. The odor of ammonia is soon apparent throughout the room. (b) Sodium chloride dissolves in water. (c) A protein is completely hydrolyzed to the component amino acids. Hint: For Questions 37 through 39, consider the equation G=HT(S).arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The following half reactions play important roles in metabolism. 1/2O2+2H++2eH2ONADH+H+NAD++2H++2e Which of these two is a half reaction of oxidation? Which one is a half reaction of reduction? Write the equation for the overall re- action. Which reagent is the oxidizing agent (electron acceptor)? Which reagent is the reducing agent (electron donor)?arrow_forwardMATHEMATICAL What is the [CH3COO]/[CH3COOH] ratio in an acetate buffer at pH 4.00?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it advantageous for a cell to have organelles? Discuss this concept from the standpoint of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the respiratory complexes?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY You are studying with a friend who is describing the Bohr effect. She tells you that in the lungs, hemoglobin binds oxygen and releases hydrogen ion; as a result, the pH in- creases. She goes on to say that in actively metabolizing muscle tissue, hemoglobin releases oxygen and binds hydrogen ion and, as a result, the pH decreases. Do you agree with her reasoning? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning