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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The partial pressure of H2 and number of moles of H2 in the mixture should be calculated. Amount of zinc needed to produce that quantity of hydrogen should be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
According to Dalton’s law of partial pressure, if a container contains mixture of gases, the sum of partial pressures of all the gases present in the container is equal to the total pressure exerted on the wall of the container.
Thus, for three gases namely A, B and C with partial pressure
Where PT is the total pressure and PA, PB, PC are partial pressures of gases A, B and C The
Where, P = Pressure of the ideal gas (atm)
V = Volume of the ideal gas (L)
n = number of moles of ideal gas present (mol)
R = Universal gas constant (L atm/K)
T = Temperature in Kelvin (K).
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- In the Mthode Champenoise, grape juice is fermented in a wine bottle to produce sparkling wine. The reaction is C6H12O6(aq)2C2H5OH(aq)+2CO2(g) Fermentation of 750. mL grape juice (density = 1.0 g/cm3) is allowed to take place in a bottle with a total volume of 825 mL until 12% by volume is ethanol (C2H5OH). Assuming that the CO2 is insoluble in H2O (actually, a wrong assumption), what would be the pressure of CO2 inside the wine bottle at 25C? (The density of ethanol is 0.79 g/cm3.)arrow_forward5-111 Diving, particularly SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) diving, subjects the body to increased pressure. Each 10. m (approximately 33 ft) of water exerts an additional pressure of 1 atm on the body. (a) What is the pressure on the body at a depth of 100. ft? (b) The partial pressure of nitrogen gas in air at 1 atm is 593 mm Hg. Assuming a SCUBA diver breathes compressed air, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen entering the lungs from a breathing tank at a depth of 100. ft? (c) The partial pressure of oxygen gas in the air at 2 atm is 158 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the air in the lungs at a depth of 100. ft? (d) Why is it absolutely essential to exhale vigorously in a rapid ascent from a depth of 100. ft?arrow_forwardWhat possible uses exist for the natural gas liquids that are removed from natural gas during its processing?arrow_forward
- When water is added to a mixture of aluminum metal and sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas is produced. This is the reaction used in commercial drain cleaners: 2Al(s)+6H2O(l)+2OH(aq)2Al(OH)4(aq)+3H2(g)A sufficient amount of water is added to 49.92 g of NaOH to make 0.600 L of solution; 41.28 g of Al is added to this solution and hydrogen gas is formed. (a) Calculate the molarity of the initial NaOH solution. (b) How many moles of hydrogen were formed? (c) The hydrogen was collected over water at 25C and 758.6 mm Hg. The vapor pressure of water at this temperature is 23.8 mm Hg. What volume of hydrogen was generated?arrow_forward5-106 The normal boiling point of hexane, C6H14, is 69°C, and that of pentane, C5H12, is 36°C. Predict which of these compounds has a higher vapor pressure at 20°C.arrow_forwardHow many liters of HCI gas, measured at 30.0 C and 745 torr, are required to prepare 1.25 L of a 3.20-M solution of hydrochloric acid?arrow_forward
- You have two pressure-proof steel cylinders of equal volume, one containing 1.0 kg of CO and the other containing 1.0 kg of acetylene, C2H2. (a) In which cylinder is the pressure greater at 25 C? (b) Which cylinder contains the greater number of molecules?arrow_forwardAre changes in state physical or chemical changes? Explain. What type of forces must be overcome to melt or vaporize a substance (are these forces intramolecular or intermolecular)? Define the molar heat of fusion and molar heat of vaporization. Why is the molar heat of vaporization of water so much larger than its molar heat of fusion? Why does the boiling point of a liquid vary with altitude?arrow_forwardAcetone, CH3COCH3, is a common laboratory solvent. It is usually contaminated with water, however. Why does acetone absorb water so readily? Draw molecular structures showing how water and acetone can interact. What intermolecular force(s) is(are) involved in the interaction?arrow_forward
- A cylinder of compressed gas is labeled Composition (mole %): 4.5% H2S, 3.0% CO2, balance N2. The pressure gauge attached to the cylinder reads 46 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas, in atmospheres, in the cylinder.arrow_forwardhe following demonstration takes place in a two-step process: rst, solid calcium carbide (CaC2j)reacts with liquid water to produce acetylene gas (C2H2)and aqueous calcium hydroxide. Second the acetylene gas produced is then ignited with a match, causing the combustion reaction of acetylene with oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water. Write the balanced equations for each reaction that is occurring, including all phases. If a 100.0gsample of calcium carbide (CaC2)is initially reacted with 50.0gof water, which reactant is limiting? Now imagine that the final gases produced are collected in a large bulkier and allowed to cool to room temperature. Using the information from part b ( l00.0gof Cec2reacting with 50.0gof H2O), how many liters of carbon dioxide gas were produced in the balloon at a pressure of 1.00atm and 25C?arrow_forwardWhat mass (g) of ethanol, CH3CH2OH(), can be vaporized at its boiling point of 78.4 C by transfer of 500. kJ to the liquid? The vapH of ethanol is 38.6 kJ/mol at this temperature.arrow_forward
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