Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 5AQ
When methane is made from CO2 (plus H2) or from methanol (in the absence of H2), various steps in the
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 13.1 - What is the fundamental difference between an...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.1 - Why can phototrophic green bacteria grow at light...Ch. 13.2 - In which phototrophs are carotenoids found?...Ch. 13.2 - How does the structure of a phycobilin compare...Ch. 13.2 - Phycocyanin is blue-green. What color of light...Ch. 13.3 - What parallels exist in the processes of...Ch. 13.3 - What is reverse electron flow and why is it...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.4 - Differentiate between cyclic and noncyclic...
Ch. 13.4 - What is the key role of light energy in the...Ch. 13.4 - What evidence is there that anoxygenic and...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.5 - How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one...Ch. 13.5 - Contrast autotrophy in the following phototrophs:...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.7 - What enzyme is required for hydrogen bacteria to...Ch. 13.7 - Why is reverse electron flow unnecessary in H2...Ch. 13.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.8 - In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system...Ch. 13.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.9 - What is the function of rusticyanin and where is...Ch. 13.9 - How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.11 - Why is acetate formation in fermentation...Ch. 13.12 - How can homo- and heterofermentative metabolism be...Ch. 13.12 - Butanediol production leads to greater ethanol...Ch. 13.13 - Compare the mechanisms for energy conservation in...Ch. 13.13 - What type of substrates are fermented by...Ch. 13.13 - What are the substrates for the Clostridium...Ch. 13.14 - Why does Propionigenium modestum require sodium...Ch. 13.14 - Of what benefit is the organism Oxalobacter to...Ch. 13.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.15 - Give an example of interspecies H2 transfer. Why...Ch. 13.15 - Why can a pure culture of Syntrophomonas grow on...Ch. 13.16 - How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic...Ch. 13.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.17 - For Escherichia coli, why is more energy released...Ch. 13.17 - How do the products of NO3 reduction differ...Ch. 13.17 - Where is the dissimilative nitrate reductase found...Ch. 13.18 - How is SO42 converted to SO32 during dissimilative...Ch. 13.18 - Contrast the growth of Desulfovibrio on H2 versus...Ch. 13.18 - Give an example of sulfur disproportionation.Ch. 13.19 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.19 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.19 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.20 - Which coenzymes function as C1 carriers in...Ch. 13.20 - In methanogens growing on H2 + CO2, how is carbon...Ch. 13.20 - How is ATP made in methanogenesis when the...Ch. 13.21 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.21 - What is reductive dechlorination and why is it...Ch. 13.21 - How does anaerobic glucose catabolism differ in...Ch. 13.22 - How do monooxygenases differ in function from...Ch. 13.22 - What is the final product of catabolism of a...Ch. 13.22 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.23 - When using CH4 as electron donor, why is...Ch. 13.23 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.23 - In which two ways does the ribulose monophosphate...Ch. 13.24 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.24 - How is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?Ch. 13.24 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Prob. 2RQCh. 13 - What accessory pigments are present in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
7. What two enzymes are unique to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8RQCh. 13 - Prob. 9RQCh. 13 - QWhich inorganic electron donors are used by the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11RQCh. 13 - Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation:...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13RQCh. 13 - Prob. 14RQCh. 13 - Prob. 15RQCh. 13 - Prob. 16RQCh. 13 - Prob. 17RQCh. 13 - Prob. 18RQCh. 13 - Compare and contrast acetogens with methanogens in...Ch. 13 - Compare and contrast ferric iron reduction with...Ch. 13 - How do monooxygenases differ from dioxygenases in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 22RQCh. 13 - Prob. 23RQCh. 13 - Prob. 1AQCh. 13 - The growth rate of the phototrophic purple...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3AQCh. 13 - A fatty acid such as butyrate cannot be fermented...Ch. 13 - When methane is made from CO2 (plus H2) or from...
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- The reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer choice in each box. COO- HO-C-H H-C-H COO- Malate NAD+ NADH + H+ Oxidized malate oxaloacetate COO- H-C-H ī COO- Oxaloacetate Reduced NADH NAD+arrow_forwardConsider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardThe complete oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to carbon dioxide and water is presented by the overall equation: Palmitoyl-CoA + 23O2 + 108Pi + 108 ATP + 23H2O → CoA + 16 CO2 + 108 ATP + 23H2O Water is also produced in the reaction ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O But not included as a product in the overall equation. Why?arrow_forward
- In mitochondria, the respiratory chain converts the potential energy of oxidized carbon into an electrochemical gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation. Identify the full biochemical names for each of the four complexes of the respiratory chain. Intermembrane space H+ Q NADH NAD+H+ H+ FADH₂ FAD + H+ III II Q III cyt c cyt c H+ H₂O IV Answer Bank Matrix H+ H+ IV H₂O succinate dehydrogenase complex NADH dehydrogenase complex cytochrome oxidase cytochrome bc1 complexarrow_forwardThe metabolic reactions and enzymes that require NAD/NADH are shown in Figure 1. However, it is not specified whether oxidized or reduced NAD is used in each reaction, nor what form of NAD is produced as a product. Add this specificity to the attached figure. You are also welcome to draw your own figure.arrow_forwardCertain microorganisms with a modified citric acid cycle decarboxylate α-ketoglutarate to produce succinate semialdehyde:arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the net organic products formed during the oxidation of one acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide via the citric acid cycle? 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 GTP 2 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP 1 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 1 GTP 6 NADH + 6 ATP 3 NADHarrow_forwardGiven the overall equation for respiration (C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O), in which step(s) in the respiratory pathway is/are each of the reactants used up and each of the products made? Photosynthetic reactions require NADPH while NADH is involved in aerobic respiration. These two molecules regulate both the biosynthetic and the catabolic activity of the cell. Explain how they do this. Note that NAD+ kinase phosphorylates NAD+ to produce NADPH+.arrow_forwardComplete the sentence describing the pentose phosphate pathway in cells that require much more ribose 5-phosphate than NADPH. These cells need ribose 5-phosphate but have relatively higher concentrations of NADPH and lower concentrations of NADP*. Choose from the listed words to fill in the blanks: xylulose 5-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, five, two, three, glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate, erythrose 4-phosphate, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. One molecule of and two molecules of are used to generate molecules of ribose 5-phosphate by the reverse reactions of the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.arrow_forward
- Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric ulcers, does not operate a citric acid cycle but contains many of the citric acid cycle enzymes. H. pylori can convert oxaloacetate to succinate for biosynthetic processes. Write an equation for this conversion.arrow_forwardSome diazotrophs produce a vanadium-containing VFe protein in addition to the MoFe protein. The vanadium-containing nitrogenase converts N2 to NH3 and also converts CO to compounds such as ethane and propane. What aspect of the standard nitrogenase reaction is responsible for the production of alkanes?arrow_forwardMethanol is highly toxic, not because of its own biological activity but because it is converted metabolically to formaldehyde, through action of alcohol dehydrogenase. Part of the medical treatment for methanol poisoning involves administration of large doses of ethanol. Explain why this treatment is effective.arrow_forward
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