Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 12RQ
Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation: How does it differ from oxidative phosphorylation? What compound(s) do fermentative bacteria need to synthesize in order to make ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation?
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 13.1 - What is the fundamental difference between an...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.1 - Why can phototrophic green bacteria grow at light...Ch. 13.2 - In which phototrophs are carotenoids found?...Ch. 13.2 - How does the structure of a phycobilin compare...Ch. 13.2 - Phycocyanin is blue-green. What color of light...Ch. 13.3 - What parallels exist in the processes of...Ch. 13.3 - What is reverse electron flow and why is it...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.4 - Differentiate between cyclic and noncyclic...
Ch. 13.4 - What is the key role of light energy in the...Ch. 13.4 - What evidence is there that anoxygenic and...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.5 - How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one...Ch. 13.5 - Contrast autotrophy in the following phototrophs:...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.7 - What enzyme is required for hydrogen bacteria to...Ch. 13.7 - Why is reverse electron flow unnecessary in H2...Ch. 13.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.8 - In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system...Ch. 13.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.9 - What is the function of rusticyanin and where is...Ch. 13.9 - How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.11 - Why is acetate formation in fermentation...Ch. 13.12 - How can homo- and heterofermentative metabolism be...Ch. 13.12 - Butanediol production leads to greater ethanol...Ch. 13.13 - Compare the mechanisms for energy conservation in...Ch. 13.13 - What type of substrates are fermented by...Ch. 13.13 - What are the substrates for the Clostridium...Ch. 13.14 - Why does Propionigenium modestum require sodium...Ch. 13.14 - Of what benefit is the organism Oxalobacter to...Ch. 13.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.15 - Give an example of interspecies H2 transfer. Why...Ch. 13.15 - Why can a pure culture of Syntrophomonas grow on...Ch. 13.16 - How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic...Ch. 13.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.17 - For Escherichia coli, why is more energy released...Ch. 13.17 - How do the products of NO3 reduction differ...Ch. 13.17 - Where is the dissimilative nitrate reductase found...Ch. 13.18 - How is SO42 converted to SO32 during dissimilative...Ch. 13.18 - Contrast the growth of Desulfovibrio on H2 versus...Ch. 13.18 - Give an example of sulfur disproportionation.Ch. 13.19 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.19 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.19 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.20 - Which coenzymes function as C1 carriers in...Ch. 13.20 - In methanogens growing on H2 + CO2, how is carbon...Ch. 13.20 - How is ATP made in methanogenesis when the...Ch. 13.21 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.21 - What is reductive dechlorination and why is it...Ch. 13.21 - How does anaerobic glucose catabolism differ in...Ch. 13.22 - How do monooxygenases differ in function from...Ch. 13.22 - What is the final product of catabolism of a...Ch. 13.22 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.23 - When using CH4 as electron donor, why is...Ch. 13.23 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.23 - In which two ways does the ribulose monophosphate...Ch. 13.24 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.24 - How is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?Ch. 13.24 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Prob. 2RQCh. 13 - What accessory pigments are present in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
7. What two enzymes are unique to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8RQCh. 13 - Prob. 9RQCh. 13 - QWhich inorganic electron donors are used by the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11RQCh. 13 - Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation:...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13RQCh. 13 - Prob. 14RQCh. 13 - Prob. 15RQCh. 13 - Prob. 16RQCh. 13 - Prob. 17RQCh. 13 - Prob. 18RQCh. 13 - Compare and contrast acetogens with methanogens in...Ch. 13 - Compare and contrast ferric iron reduction with...Ch. 13 - How do monooxygenases differ from dioxygenases in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 22RQCh. 13 - Prob. 23RQCh. 13 - Prob. 1AQCh. 13 - The growth rate of the phototrophic purple...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3AQCh. 13 - A fatty acid such as butyrate cannot be fermented...Ch. 13 - When methane is made from CO2 (plus H2) or from...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain the process of substrate-level phosphorylation.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation? Please give an example of each.arrow_forwardBacteroides is the predominant genus of bacteria found in the human gut microbiota. As anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides undergo fermentation in the gut, converting otherwise nondigestible carbohydrates into fermentation products that are used by the host for energy. Which of the following toxins would be most likely to disrupt carbohydrate metabolism in Bacteroides species? * a toxin that inhibits the function of ATP synthase a toxin that prevents the formation of Krebs cycle products a toxin that inhibits the function of an enzyme during glycolysis a toxin that breaks down the membrane proteins of the electron transport chainarrow_forward
- An important reaction that must occur in both fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration is A) the reduction of NADH to NAD+. B) the reduction of FAD+ to FADH2. C) the oxidation of NADH to NAD+.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis? A) NADH is used to directly create the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP.B) NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation.C) NADH accepts electrons during fermentation. D) NAD+ accepts electrons. E) All of the above are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following about glycolysis ARE/IS correct? (choose all that apply) a) During glycolysis, a Cys residue on an enzyme works as a nucleophile to attack a carbonyl group on a substrate. b) The net result of a single glycolysis run on one molecule of glucose creates two molecules of pyruvate and 2 ATP c) If you label C3 and C4 in glucose, after it is converted to lactate, you can't find any labeled carbons. please explain your answer(s)arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation? Question 4 options: A) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O2 B) A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP C) ATP is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP D) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compoundarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the glycolysis pathway is FALSE? A) O Two pyruvate molecules are generated. B) O ATP molecules are generated via substrate-level phosphorylation C) O It does not require oxygen to operate D) O ATPS are used (hydrolyzed) in the beginning of glycolysis. E) O None of the above are false; they are all true statementsarrow_forwardDuring oxidatative phosphorylation, the role of oxygen is to: a) run through the turbine to spin it so that the energy can be used to make ATP b) keep glycolysis running so that fermentation can continue c) bind with the carbons from glucose to make carbon dioxide to be expelled from the body d) form a gradient to provide energy to run the electron transport chain e) accept low energy electrons from the bottom of the electron transport chain so that it can continue to runarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation? A) O the partial reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid B) O the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules such as ethanol and lactate serving as electron acceptors C) O the complete catabolism of glucose to carbon dioxide and water D) O the production of energy by oxidative-level phosphorylation E) O the production of energy by both substrate and oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardFor cells that are capable of aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation, such as yeast cells, one pathway may be favored over the other in certain circumstances. Which of the following accurately describes an advantage of the fermentation pathway, when compared to aerobic cellular respiration? A) Fermentation is quicker because it does not involve glycolysis B)Fermentation can occur in the absence of oxygen (O2) C)Fermentation generates a higher amoung of ATP per glucose substrate D)Fermentation is less costly for the cell because it does not involve enzymes 10.arrow_forwardYeast are facultative anaerobic organisms that can make ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but are also capable of switching to fermentation under anaerobic conditions. For thousands of years, humans have used yeast, such as Saccharomyces cervesisiae, to ferment grapes (starch sugar) to make wine (alcoholic beverage). Four batches of wine were made following the contents and conditions listed in the table below, Contents and Conditions of Four Batches of Wine Yeast Solution Water Grape Solution Batch Added Container (L) (L) (L) Lid 1 40 0.0 8 оpen 2 40 0.2 8 closed 40 0.2 8. оpen 4 40 0.2 closed 9. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) would produce the greatest amount of ATP is the batch of wine numbered 1 4 D. The highest alcohol (ethanol) content would be found in the batch of wine numbered 02 3arrow_forward
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