Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13.21, Problem 1MQ
Summary Introduction
Ferric is the iron containing compounds or materials. In chemistry, the ferric is reserved for the iron with an oxidation number of +3 and it is also denoted by Fe3+. The ferrous also refers to the iron with an oxidation number of +2 and it is denoted by Fe2+. The fumaric acid is the chemical compound and it is commonly used in the baking powders and beverages.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 13.1 - What is the fundamental difference between an...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.1 - Why can phototrophic green bacteria grow at light...Ch. 13.2 - In which phototrophs are carotenoids found?...Ch. 13.2 - How does the structure of a phycobilin compare...Ch. 13.2 - Phycocyanin is blue-green. What color of light...Ch. 13.3 - What parallels exist in the processes of...Ch. 13.3 - What is reverse electron flow and why is it...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.4 - Differentiate between cyclic and noncyclic...
Ch. 13.4 - What is the key role of light energy in the...Ch. 13.4 - What evidence is there that anoxygenic and...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.5 - How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one...Ch. 13.5 - Contrast autotrophy in the following phototrophs:...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.7 - What enzyme is required for hydrogen bacteria to...Ch. 13.7 - Why is reverse electron flow unnecessary in H2...Ch. 13.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.8 - In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system...Ch. 13.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.9 - What is the function of rusticyanin and where is...Ch. 13.9 - How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.11 - Why is acetate formation in fermentation...Ch. 13.12 - How can homo- and heterofermentative metabolism be...Ch. 13.12 - Butanediol production leads to greater ethanol...Ch. 13.13 - Compare the mechanisms for energy conservation in...Ch. 13.13 - What type of substrates are fermented by...Ch. 13.13 - What are the substrates for the Clostridium...Ch. 13.14 - Why does Propionigenium modestum require sodium...Ch. 13.14 - Of what benefit is the organism Oxalobacter to...Ch. 13.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.15 - Give an example of interspecies H2 transfer. Why...Ch. 13.15 - Why can a pure culture of Syntrophomonas grow on...Ch. 13.16 - How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic...Ch. 13.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.17 - For Escherichia coli, why is more energy released...Ch. 13.17 - How do the products of NO3 reduction differ...Ch. 13.17 - Where is the dissimilative nitrate reductase found...Ch. 13.18 - How is SO42 converted to SO32 during dissimilative...Ch. 13.18 - Contrast the growth of Desulfovibrio on H2 versus...Ch. 13.18 - Give an example of sulfur disproportionation.Ch. 13.19 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.19 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.19 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.20 - Which coenzymes function as C1 carriers in...Ch. 13.20 - In methanogens growing on H2 + CO2, how is carbon...Ch. 13.20 - How is ATP made in methanogenesis when the...Ch. 13.21 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.21 - What is reductive dechlorination and why is it...Ch. 13.21 - How does anaerobic glucose catabolism differ in...Ch. 13.22 - How do monooxygenases differ in function from...Ch. 13.22 - What is the final product of catabolism of a...Ch. 13.22 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.23 - When using CH4 as electron donor, why is...Ch. 13.23 - Prob. 2MQCh. 13.23 - In which two ways does the ribulose monophosphate...Ch. 13.24 - Prob. 1MQCh. 13.24 - How is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?Ch. 13.24 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Prob. 2RQCh. 13 - What accessory pigments are present in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
7. What two enzymes are unique to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8RQCh. 13 - Prob. 9RQCh. 13 - QWhich inorganic electron donors are used by the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11RQCh. 13 - Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation:...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13RQCh. 13 - Prob. 14RQCh. 13 - Prob. 15RQCh. 13 - Prob. 16RQCh. 13 - Prob. 17RQCh. 13 - Prob. 18RQCh. 13 - Compare and contrast acetogens with methanogens in...Ch. 13 - Compare and contrast ferric iron reduction with...Ch. 13 - How do monooxygenases differ from dioxygenases in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 22RQCh. 13 - Prob. 23RQCh. 13 - Prob. 1AQCh. 13 - The growth rate of the phototrophic purple...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3AQCh. 13 - A fatty acid such as butyrate cannot be fermented...Ch. 13 - When methane is made from CO2 (plus H2) or from...
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Similar questions
- How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?arrow_forwardSome diazotrophs produce a vanadium-containing VFe protein in addition to the MoFe protein. The vanadium-containing nitrogenase converts N2 to NH3 and also converts CO to compounds such as ethane and propane. What aspect of the standard nitrogenase reaction is responsible for the production of alkanes?arrow_forwardPropose a full mechanism for the formation of the diene. Show curved arrows to illustrate electron flow, and please show all steps. Include a brief paragraph that describes the steps of the mechanism and discusses the driving force for the steps shown. (attached is the image)arrow_forward
- Using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, determine how many ATP can be produced from one mole of each of the following compounds on complete oxidation? a.) Mannose b.) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate c.) Citrate d.) Malate e.) Succinate Answers vary between 32 moles, 32 moles, 16 moles, 10 moles, 4 moles, and 2.5 molesarrow_forwardUnder standard conditions, will the following reaction proceed spontaneously as written? Fumarate + NADH + H+⇌ succinate + NAD+arrow_forwardShown below are reduction potentials for four half-reactions. Which of the coupled reactions is favorable? (Note that for Cytochrome c you must multiply the reduction potential by 2 for each coupled reaction because only one electron is involved) a) 2 Cytochrome c (Fe3+) + H2O ó 2 Cytochrome c (Fe2+) + O2 b) NADH + Succinate- ó NAD+ + Fumarate- c) Fumarate- + H2O ó Succinate- + O2 d) All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of these molecules associated with electron transport is in the reduced state? Choose from the following: (A) cytochrome a3+++ (b) cytochrome a3++arrow_forwardWhy does biological Fe2+ oxidation under oxic conditions occurmainly at acidic pH?arrow_forwardWhich of the reactions are spontaneous (favorable)? C6H130,P + ATP → › C6H14º₁₂P2 + ADP AG = -14.2 kJ/mol L-malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ AG = 29.7 kJ/mol glutamate + NAD+ + H₂O → NH‡ + α-ketoglutarate + NADH + H+ AG = 3.7 kcal/mol → CH2O4 + H2O AG = 3.1 kJ/mol * CąHẠO, — CH,O4 + H,O DHAP C₂H + H₂ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate AG = 3.8 kJ/mol Rh(I) C2H6 AG-150.97 kJ/molarrow_forward
- How many ATP may be produced from 1 mole of the following compounds on complete oxidation using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle? COMPOUNDSa.) Mannoseb.) Dihydroxyacetone phosphatec.) Citrated.) Malatee.) Succinatearrow_forwardIt is estimated that each electron pair donated by NADH leads to the synthesis of approximately three ATP molecules, whereas each electron pair donated by FADH2 leads to the synthesis of approximately two ATP molecules. What is the underlying reason for the difference in yield for electrons donated by FADH2 versus NADH?arrow_forwardWhy do the cytochrome electron-transfer processes have different standard reduction potentials, despite the fact that they all utilize the identical iron oxidation–reduction reaction?arrow_forward
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