
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The products for the given reaction have to be found.
Concept Introduction:
Ketals:
Ketals are used to protect the carbonyl group of the
In the following example, the carbonyl group of the acetone has been protected as ketal by using ethylene glycol.
Example:
In acidic condition, a ketone reacts with two molecules of alcohol or a molecule of
General scheme:
(b)
Interpretation: The products for the given reaction have to be found.
Concept Introduction:
Acetals:
Acetals are used to protect the carbonyl group of the
In the following example, the carbonyl group of the acetaldehyde has been protected as acetal by using ethylene glycol.
In acidic condition, an aldehyde reacts with two molecules of alcohol or a molecule of diol to form acetal or cyclic acetal respectively.
General scheme:

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Chapter 12 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
- (c) (4pts) Mechanism: heat (E1) CH3OH + 1.5pts each _E1 _ (1pt) Br CH3OH (d) (4pts) Mechanism: SN1 (1pt) (e) (3pts) 1111 I H 10 Ill!! H LDA THF (solvent) Mechanism: E2 (1pt) NC (f) Bri!!!!! CH3 NaCN (3pts) acetone Mechanism: SN2 (1pt) (SN1) -OCH3 OCH3 1.5pts each 2pts for either product 1pt if incorrect stereochemistry H Br (g) “,、 (3pts) H CH3OH +21 Mechanism: SN2 (1pt) H CH3 2pts 1pt if incorrect stereochemistry H 2pts 1pt if incorrect stereochemistryarrow_forwardA mixture of butyl acrylate and 4'-chloropropiophenone has been taken for proton NMR analysis. Based on this proton NMR, determine the relative percentage of each compound in the mixturearrow_forwardQ5: Label each chiral carbon in the following molecules as R or S. Make sure the stereocenter to which each of your R/S assignments belong is perfectly clear to the grader. (8pts) R OCH 3 CI H S 2pts for each R/S HO R H !!! I OH CI HN CI R Harrow_forward
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