Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.7, Problem 3RIA
Briefly describe the pathways for triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis. Of what importance are phosphatidic acid and CDP-diacylglycerol?
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Phosphatidylinositol is formed using phospholipid synthesis strategy #1. Given this information, which of the following statements is true?
(A) CTP reacts with diacylglycerol.(B) Synthesis of phosphatidylinositol requires functional lipin enzyme.(C) Synthesis of phosphatidylinositol requires that the alcohol head group is activated.
(D) CDP-inositol reacts with diacylglycerol.(E) CDP-diacylglycerol reacts with inositol.
When the activated form of alcohol is used to synthesize glycerophospholipids, CDP-alcohol reacts with diacylglycerol to form glycerophospholipids. In this metabolic pathway, diacylglycerol is most likely produced by:
a) Triacylglycerol lipase
b) Phosphatidate phosphorylase
c) Diacylglycerol lipase
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
Chapter 12 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is self-assembly? What...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly describe the three...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Which two enzymes are...Ch. 12.4 - MICRO INQUIRY How might acetyl-CoA be used by the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2MICh. 12.4 - MICROINQUIRY What is the difference between Lipid...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is gluconeogenesis?...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe the formation of...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Suppose a microorganism is...
Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Diagram the steps involved...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What would happen to a cell...Ch. 12.5 - What purpose is served for the cell when these...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2MICh. 12.5 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.5 - How is nitrate assimilated? How does assimilatory...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3RIACh. 12.5 - How do organisms assimilate sulfur? How does...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 5RIACh. 12.5 - Prob. 6RIACh. 12.5 - Describe the glyoxylate cycle. How is it similar...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 8RIACh. 12.5 - List the types of organisms that use each...Ch. 12.6 - How is phosphorus assimilated? What roles do...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the difference between a purine and a...Ch. 12.6 - Outline the way in which purines and pyrimidines...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.7 - How are unsaturated fatty acids made?Ch. 12.7 - Briefly describe the pathways for triacylglycerol...Ch. 12.7 - Activated carriers participate in carbohydrate,...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 5RIACh. 12 - What would happen if a microorganism that depended...Ch. 12 - Intermediary carriers are in a limited supply:...Ch. 12 - Magnetotactic bacteria are morphologically and...
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- Illustrate and explain the difference between α-D-glucopyranose and β-D-glucopyranose structures.arrow_forwardCompare the role of CTP in phosphoglyceride synthesis with the role of UTP in glycogen synthesis.arrow_forwardThe diversity of functional groups on sugars that can form glycosidic bonds greatly increases the information content of glycans relative to oligopeptides. Consider three amino acids, A, B, and C. How many tripeptides can be formed from one molecule of each amino acid? Now consider three sugars- glucose, glucuronic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine. Use shorthand (eg., Glca(1 → 4)GICUAB(1 → 4)GICNAC) to represent 10 trisaccharides with the sequence Glc-GlcUA-GluNAc. Is your list exhaustive?arrow_forward
- Acetylating agents such as acetic anhydride react preferentially with primaryamines, iodoacetate reacts preferentially with sulfhydryl groups (see Tools of Biochemistry 5B), and ATP-dependent kinases preferentially add a phosphoryl group to side-chain hydroxyl or phenolic —OH groups. Which amino acid side chains, or main-chain groups, in a polypeptide are most likely to be modified by treatment with:(a) acetic anhydride(b) iodoacetate(c) a kinase + ATParrow_forwardGlucose 6-phosphate can be converted into a molecule of glucose 1-phosphate, which can undergo additional modification to eventually be added to a polymer of glycogen. Glycogen is simply a long, branched polysaccharide comprised of glucose subunits. The four major reactions of the glycogen synthesis pathway are listed below. Glucose 6-phosphate → Glucose 1-phosphate Glucose 1-phosphate + UTP → UDP-glucose + PPi PPi + H2O → 2 Pi UDP-glucose + Glycogenn → Glycogenn+1 + UDP glycogenn - a polymer of glycogen composed of n subunits of glucose glycogenn+1 - a polymer of glycogen composed of n+1 subunits of glucose PPi - pyrophosphate, which is an ion composed of two phosphate groups UTP - uridine triphosphate, a nucleic acid like ATP; it has three phosphate groups UDP - uridine diphosphate, identical to UTP but with two phosphate groups instead of three What is the net reaction for the four reactions shown above? Glucose 6-phosphate + UTP + Glycogenn + H2O → UDP-glucose +…arrow_forwardCan you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? Sphingolipids are synthesized from ["palmitoyl-CoA", "cholesterol"] and have a diversity of biological functions that include ["signaling", "both structural element of myelin and signaling", "structural element of myelin sheath"]. Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the ["cytoplasm", "endoplasmic reticulum"] and the delivery of ["acetyl-CoA unit as building blocks", "pyruvate"] occurs via the ["citrate shuttle", "pyruvate transporter"].arrow_forward
- It is important to note that galactose is an important component of glyco- proteins. What is the effect on glycoprotein synthesis in case of galactosemic patients who are not given galactose in their diet? Explain this observation.arrow_forwardThe diversity of functional groups on sugars that can form glycosidicbonds greatly increases the information content of glycans relative to oligopeptides. Consider three amino acids, A, B, and C. How many tripeptides can be formed from one molecule of each amino acid? Now considerthree sugars—glucose, glucuronic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine. Use shorthand (e.g., Glcα(1 → 4)GlcUAβ(1 → 4)GlcNAc to represent 10 trisaccharides with the sequence Glc-GlcUA-GluNAc. Is your list exhaustive?arrow_forwardChondroitin sulfate chains have been likened to a large fishnet, allowing small molecules to pass through but excluding large ones. What structural features of chondroitin sulfate and proteoglycans in general are responsible for this phenomenon?arrow_forward
- Are fatty acid propyl esters (biodiesel) formed in the acid-catalysed esterification/transesterification reaction on waste oil more or less polar than glycerol? Briefly explain.arrow_forwardRecently, consumption of trans fatty acids has been linked to high blood cholesterol levels and increased risk of heart disease. The food industry has responded by decreasing use of "trans fats." Consider the following questions: (a) How do the structures and transition temperatures of trans, cis, and saturated fatty acids differ, and what are the effects on membrane fluidity? (b) Are trans fatty acids abundant in nature? (c) The major source of trans fats is hydrogenated oils. (The trans fats are produced by a side reaction during the hydrogenation process.) Why has the food industry used synthetically produced hydrogenated oils?arrow_forwardWrite schematically the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine through the activation of amino alcohol. Biological significance of phospholipids.arrow_forward
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