Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 12.5, Problem 2MI
Summary Introduction
Proteins are made up of a chain of amino acids. There are 22 genes-encoded amino acids synthesized by the cell biological system. These amino acids are termed as non-essential amino acids. Apart from this, there are few amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the biological system and it should be supplied through an external source. Hence, they are called essential amino acids.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The highly pathogenic anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens is responsible for gas gangrene, a condition in which animal tissue structure is destroyed. This bacterium secretes an enzyme that efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of the peptide bond indicated in red: where X and Y are any of the 20 common amino acids. How does the secretion of this enzyme contribute to the invasiveness of this bacterium in human tissues? Why does thisenzyme not affect the bacterium itself?
Chlamydia are pathogenic bacteria that must be grown within a eukaryotic host cell. They rely on the host cell for many nutrients, including nucleotides, lipids, and amino acids. It is thus no surprise that when grown in co-culture with a host depleted of any of these metabolites, chlamydial growth declines. However, high levels of certain amino acids also inhibit chlamydial growth. Specifically, the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and phenylalanine slow down the growth by inhibiting the amino acid transporter called BrnQ. On the other hand, if valine is present in the medium these amino acids have no effect on BrnQ. Discuss how this might be possible
There are several applications of microorganisms in industries. One of them is in medical and pharmaceuticals. Name a suitable microorganism and demonstrate its application in producing synthetic human insulin.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is self-assembly? What...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly describe the three...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Which two enzymes are...Ch. 12.4 - MICRO INQUIRY How might acetyl-CoA be used by the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2MICh. 12.4 - MICROINQUIRY What is the difference between Lipid...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is gluconeogenesis?...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe the formation of...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Suppose a microorganism is...
Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Diagram the steps involved...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What would happen to a cell...Ch. 12.5 - What purpose is served for the cell when these...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2MICh. 12.5 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.5 - How is nitrate assimilated? How does assimilatory...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3RIACh. 12.5 - How do organisms assimilate sulfur? How does...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 5RIACh. 12.5 - Prob. 6RIACh. 12.5 - Describe the glyoxylate cycle. How is it similar...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 8RIACh. 12.5 - List the types of organisms that use each...Ch. 12.6 - How is phosphorus assimilated? What roles do...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the difference between a purine and a...Ch. 12.6 - Outline the way in which purines and pyrimidines...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.7 - How are unsaturated fatty acids made?Ch. 12.7 - Briefly describe the pathways for triacylglycerol...Ch. 12.7 - Activated carriers participate in carbohydrate,...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 5RIACh. 12 - What would happen if a microorganism that depended...Ch. 12 - Intermediary carriers are in a limited supply:...Ch. 12 - Magnetotactic bacteria are morphologically and...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Nitrogenase complexes are irreversibly inactivated by oxygen. Explain how nitrogen-fixing bacteria solve this problem.arrow_forwardExplain why the ability of some microorganisms to produce β-lactamase present prior to their exposure to the antibiotic penicillinarrow_forwardIn the isolation of glycogen from liver, why it is necessary to filter the solution while it is still hot? Explain in 1-3 sentencesarrow_forward
- When lactose is added to growing culture of E. coli, the cells begin to make enzymes necessary for lactose utilization. In contrast, when tryptophan is added to the culture medium, synthesis of the enzymes for tryptophan pathway ceases. Contrast the two systems explaining why they act in reverse directionsarrow_forwardCan lactic acid culture infect the human gastrointestinal tract? If yes, why is this method not used to treat lactose-intolerant individuals?arrow_forwardWhy is peptidoglycan such a strong molecule?arrow_forward
- Many proteins are secreted in their inactive form. This is also true of many toxic proteins produced by micro organisms. Explain how the mechanism is useful for the organism producing the toxin?arrow_forwardPenicillin is an antibiotic. It kills bacteria by preventing the formation of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. Penicillin does so by inhibiting the enzyme Transpeptidase, which is required for peptidoglycan layer formation. What type of inhibitor is Penicillin? Explain.arrow_forwardHow would cellulose-degrading bacteria in the rumen of a cow benefit the animal?arrow_forward
- Enzymatic activity is rapidly destroyed at physiologically high temperatures. How do you reconcile this observation with the existence of bacteria and algae that grow in hot springs where the temperature may be as high as 73 °C?arrow_forwardYour colleague handed you a novel strain of coli that is purifying a protein with a 6xHisTag; they claim it is superior to the TOP10 cells you have been using. But even with a larger culture size, you discover that your protein yield—using the same Ni-NTA column—is quite low. You discover that the novel strain of Escherichia coli generates an unusually high quantity of dicarboxylic acids, a byproduct of the citric acid cycle that is recognized for its ability to function as an all-purpose metal chelator. What do you think the issue is with purifying IMAC protein with this new strain of E. coli?arrow_forwardThe normal human body temperature is 37oC. This represents the optimal enzyme activity within the body. Explain the mechanism and reason why body temperature rises to 39oC when some systematic or superficial infections occur.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
cell culture and growth media for Microbiology; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjnQ3peWRek;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY